1、 主谓一致和倒装句 一 主谓一致 定义:指句子的主语和 谓语动词 在 人称 和 数 上的一致。 英语的主谓一致大致可以分为 3 类: 语法一致,意义一致和就近一致 的原则。 二 你能判断下面的句子是哪种主谓一致原则吗? 1 The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller. A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become 2. How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.
2、A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 三 语法一致 主语是单数形式,谓语动词采取单数形式; 主语是复数形式,谓语动词采取复数形式。 Eg. Love is the most beautiful thing in the world. My shoes are worn out(穿破了) . (一)单数 1.不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 2. 动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 3.单个句子(主语从句)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 4.不定代词 either, neither, each, one,
3、something, everyone, nobody, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 (二)复数 1.and 或 both and 连接并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 2.all, few, several, many 等修饰可数名词复数作主 语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 3.某些只有复数形式的名词(如: clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves 等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数数形式。 4.“the+形容词 ”作主语,表 “一类人 ”时谓语动词用复数。 (三)特殊 1. the number of 复数名词作主语
4、时,谓语动词用单数形式; a number of +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 2. 主语后接有 with, along with , together with, as well as, like 等介词或短语 时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。 3. “a lot of/lots of/most of 等 +名词 ”和 “分数或百分数 +名词 ”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由 pair/kind/series 等量词修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词与量词保持一致。 4. 形式取决于名词。 5. “none of + 名词复数 ”作主语时,谓语动词可用单数可用复数。 四意义一致原
5、则 主要看主语所表达的概念为单数还是复数。 主语是单数形式,谓语动词采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词采取复数形式 1.表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词,一般 看作一个整体,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 2.表示总称意义的名词,如: people, cattle, police 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 3.集体名称如 family, team, class, club 等,表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体人的时候,用复数。 4.集体名称如 family, team, class, club 等,表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体人的时候,用复数。 5.数词作主语且表
6、 “加减乘除 ”时,谓语动词通常用单数,但是加法与乘法也可用复数。 五 就近一致原则 有时谓语动词 的形式跟靠近它的名词一致,这种一致原则叫做就近一致原则。 1.由连词 either or, neither nor, not only but also 及 or 连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。 1. there/here be 句型中,谓语动词 be 往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 六 倒装句 1. so + be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语此句型表示 “也是这样 ”,用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物,只能用在肯定句。 2. neither + b
7、e/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语经常 出此句型表示 “也不这样 ”。这种结构中的be/助动词 /情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语动词要保持一致。 3. 当以 there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句。如果主语不是名称是代词时,则不用倒装句。 练习 1. Listen, someone _ (sing) outside. 2. Not only her parents but also her pet dog _ (be watch) TV on the sofa. 3. Both Lily and I _
8、interested in English. 4. One fourth of the students _ new here. 5. Physics _ my favorite. I often do lots of exercises. 6.Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party. A.was B. were C. have been D. had been 7. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class. A.am B. is C. ar
9、e D. will 8. Most of his spare time _spent in reading. A.are B. were C. was D. have been 9. His family _ very big and all of his family _ music. A. are; love B. are; loves C. is; love D. is, loves 10. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum. A. are B. is C. were D. have 11. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday. A are B. is C. were D. was 12. Mr. Smith, together with his children, _arrived. A. are B. has C. is D. have