Academic Writing Introduction.doc

1、Academic writing introductionThere are five chapters in academic writing, including Introduction, Review of Literature, Methodology, Results and Conclusion. Each chapter functions as an indispensable part in the whole writing structure. Among all these chapters, Chapter I and Chapter III are of vita

2、l importance. Explanation and introduction of each chapter will be stated as follow.Chapter I. IntroductionThis chapter includes seven parts, which mainly talks about the necessity of the study. A. Need for the study. This is the reason for the existence of the study. What has been done should be st

3、ated clearly. And the study is needed by other researchers who conduct a further study of the topic for the study has its own indispensable features in the researching field. B. Purpose of the study. Based on what has been done in the researching area of the former part, the purpose of the study pay

4、s more attention on what is going to do, in other words, what is going to be done should be interpreted in this section. C. Research question. General direction of the study is crystallized into specific question stating the purpose of the study more clear. D. Hypotheses. It includes Null Hypotheses

5、 and Directional Hypotheses. To ensure that the research question is appropriate, Null Hypotheses is one way necessary to demonstrate the correctness. The research question is supposed to be wrong, which should be demonstrated by the failure of hypothesis in the end. The purpose of the hypothesis is

6、 to demonstrate the correctness of the research question and the feasibility of the study from both sides. E. Definition of terms. All of the professional terms which appears in the whole passage should be listed in this section. F. Significant of the study. Significant of the study, in other words,

7、 is the value of the study. It emphasizes what the study will do benefit, which is the importance of the study. G. Organization of the study. The structure of the study should be summarized by the end of the study.Chapter II. Review of LiteratureThis chapter is an extended Need for the study. In thi

8、s section, what has been done by who and what has been achieved so far in this field should be clarified, which concludes what has not been done to demonstrate the necessity of the study.This chapter includes four sections, composed of the Historical Background, Theoretical Background, Related Resea

9、rch and Summary. Historical Background and Theoretical Background are regarded as the theoretical framework, which is used to support the study. Related Research including the books and journal articles published by other researchers should be all listed in this section. And a summary is needed to s

10、ummarize the whole chapter and briefly introduce the next section. Above all the four parts of this chapter, language should be objective, strict and fair without any personal emotion.Chapter III. MethodologyThis chapter includes eight sections, tending to demonstrate how to achieve the purpose. A.

11、Research design. In this section, scientific methods are needed instead of the beautiful language skills. That what kind of method of the experiment was used should be detailedly stated and the subject of the experiment should be introduced. Participants must be divided into at least two groups to c

12、ompare the difference of each other. And all the details in the process of the experiment should be recorded into this section. B. Sample and sampling procedures. The samples should be representative and common. And the sampling method should be explained clearly. In addition, the time and regional

13、differences should be taken into consideration. C. Instrumentation & D. Treatment. The sampling standard on which the sampling procedures based must be claimed and the details of sampling also need to be included. E. Data collection procedures. That what kind of method of the experimental data was c

14、ollected needs to be explained, including statistics of the lasting time of the experiment and how many effective statistics was collected and other details about data collection. F. Data analysis procedures. In this section, the scientific method of analysis and the analysing tools should be includ

15、ed. G. Limitation. Because of the time and regional differences and other unavoidable reasons, the experiment is not perfect. Thus the limitation of the experiment is expected to added in this section. F. Summary. A summary is needed to summarize the whole chapter and briefly introduce the next sect

16、ion.Chapter IV. Result.The primary task of this chapter is to retell the purpose of the study, research question and hypotheses. Then state the result of the experiment of last chapter to answer the research question and demonstrate the hypotheses. A brief summary is needed to introduce the next cha

17、pter. The whole chapter should be written objectively.Chapter V. Conclusion, Interpretations and ImplicationsIt is the only chapter where the personal opinion is needed. There are three sections of this chapter, composed of Conclusions, Interpretations and Implications. The conclusions are what the

18、whole passage are talking about , how the research question is answered and how hypotheses are demonstrated. The interpretations about all the study and the answer to the question should be given. The implications, including implications for practice and implications for further research, is to clarify for what the study do benefit and to help other researchers for their further research in this field.In addition to the five chapters, the acknowledgement and abstract should be written down at the very beginning and the bibliography and appendices should be added in the end.