托福写作话题词汇.doc

1、教育学校教育 schooling 家庭教育 upbringing; parenting课程大纲 curriculum 教学大纲 syllabus 必修课 required/compulsory courses,选修课 elective/optional courses课外活动 extra-curricular activities 社团活动 club activities志愿者服务 volunteer service社区工作 community work实习 internship 学生会 student union男生/女生联谊会 fraternity elementary education

2、中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-level education; higher education 职业教育 vocational education/training 接受教育 enter/get access to schools/ education学位 degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD)文凭 diploma, 证书 certificate青少年 teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths学生 students (fresh m

3、an, sophomore, junior, senior)上课 attend classes逃课 skip class, be absent from class老师/学生为中心的课堂 teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom有能力的/有资格的/有经验的/良好培训的老师 competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers无能力的/不够格的/欠经验的老师incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teachers well-e

4、quipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的 /装修良好的教室先进的教学设施 up-to-date teaching facilities laboratory, library, multimedia resources (computer, projector, speaker, microphone, database, printer, photocopier) 传授理论知识 impart /inculcate theoretical knowledge 教授职业技能 instruct professional/pra

5、ctical skills灌输高尚的道德观 instill/advocate high moral values and principles激励学生追求梦想 give students the motivation to pursue their dreamsmotivate students to fulfill their life goals 唤起学生对文理知识的好奇心 arouse students curiosity about arts and science 激发学生的创新思维 inspire/stimulate students innovative thoughts 鼓励学

6、生批判/辩证/独立思维 encourage students to think critically/dialectically/independently告诉学生各学科间的联系 inform students of the correlation between different disciplines 塑造学生的人生目标和价值观念 shape students life goals and philosophy促进学生身体/心理/智力/情感的发展 promote students physical/mental/intellectual/emotional development 保持身

7、心健康 maintain physical/psychological health/soundness适应逆境的能力 adapt to adversity/adverse circumstances 在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding 塑造某人的性格 mould/build ones character 培养责任感 cultivate a sense of responsibility 按时完成作业complete/accomplish assignment(presentation/report/essay/paper/thesis/d

8、issertation) on time填鸭式教学 force-feed/spoon-feed the knowledge to the students 死记硬背 learn things by rote, spit back predigested ideas, cram for exams机械记忆概念、方程式、公式、定理和定律 mechanically memorize concepts, equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从的指令 follow someones order blindly/indiscriminately (advs) 限制

9、创造力的发展 extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity 打击学生的学生积极性 dampen/sap students enthusiasm for learning frustrate the students 激起不必要的同辈压力 beget/intensify undue peer pressure 基于智力差异/学业成绩/社会背景对学生进行分离教育 segregate students on basis of their intellectual disparity/academic performance/social background 评价老师

10、的教学 appraise/evaluate/assess teachers performance从学生中获得建设性反馈/建议 gain constructive feedbacks/suggestions from students使学生对教学过程有更大的发言权 give students a greater say in the teaching-learning process对授课进行监督 provide an oversight over lectures 改善教学方法 improve teaching methodology/pedagogical methodology 减少教职

11、员工的懈怠态度 minimize slack attitude among teaching faculty 损害老师在课堂中的权威性 impair the authority of teachers in the classroom对课程/老师持有偏见/不负责的评论 hold biased opinions/ irresponsible comments on a course/teacher 导致学生不守纪律/行为不端 breed indiscipline/misbehaviors among students小组学习有助于学生们了解团队工作的重要性和提高他们的社会技能。Studying

12、in a group helps students to understand the importance of team-work and improve their social skills.学生们在合作学习中获得不同的观点和经验。Students gain/obtain a variety of perceptions and experience in cooperative learning.休闲/生活业余时间 free time/leisure time/ spare time娱乐 entertainment/recreation/amusement 保持健康 keep fit

13、/healthy/in shape 保持身体柔韧性 keep the body soft and supple 强壮体魄 build ones muscle 提升免疫功能 enhance immune function 消耗多余脂肪/热量 burn off extra fat/calories 防止人们变胖 prevent people from getting overweight预防重大疾病 guardagainst fatal diseases 改善血液循环 improve blood circulation增强耐力 build up ones stamina 训练自制力 train s

14、elf-discipline 磨砺意志 build ones character丰富知识 enrich ones knowledge 开阔视野 broaden ones mind/horizon 陶冶情操 cultivate ones minds 净化心灵 purify ones soul 发展特长 develop ones specialties 增强自信和自尊 boost ones confidence and self-esteem 消除忧虑 free/liberate oneself from daily trouble/worldly concerns 缓解压力 relieve/ea

15、se/alleviate/release ones work pressure/mental stress 娱乐自我 amuse/entertain/recreate/ oneself 劳逸结合 keep/strike/maintain a balance between work and leisure 丰富人生经历 enrich life experience 欣赏自然景观 admire/appreciate/experience the scenery/landscape of Mother Nature 扩大社交圈子 widen social circle 增进友谊/人际关系 stre

16、ngthen friendship/interpersonal relations 体验精神上的享受 experience mental amusement and enjoyment获得他人的支持/安慰/鼓励/忠告/ 建议/建设性批评get support/comfort/encouragement/advice/ suggestion/ constructive criticism from others 工作体面的/理想的/收入好的工作 decent/ideal/well-paid jobs卑微的/无价值的/收入低的工作 menial/valueless/under-paid jobs脑

17、力/体力劳动 mental/labor work; white-collar/ blue-collar申请兼职/临时/实习职位 apply for part-time/temporary jobs/internships 获得全职/永久职位 get/land/secure a full-time/permanent job position 有灵活的/紧凑的工作时间 have a flexible/ tight schedule 提供晋升空间 provide a good chance of promotion提供有前途的未来 offer a promising future 为长期职业目标奠

18、定基础 pave the way for long-term career plan 感到归属感 feel a sense of belonging承认某人的公司的努力/地位 recognize ones efforts/status in the company参与决策过程 participate in decision-making process 充分发挥潜能/才华 realize ones full potential/talents学会合作和妥协 learn to cooperate and compromise 自信面对激烈竞争 face the fierce/stiff comp

19、etition with confidence/self-assurance 获得颇丰的收入 get fat/high/generous salary/income/remuneration 更新专业知识和技能 update ones expertise and skills 建立和谐的工作关系 establish harmonious working relationship 在员工/部门间形成协同作用 create a great synergy between different employees/departments改善人际/交流能力 improve interpersonal/c

20、ommunicative skills掌握解决问题/管理/学历的能力 master problem-solving/managerial/learning skills提供稳定感和满足感 afford stability and satisfaction 培养责任感 develop a sense of responsibility 获得个人成就 attain personal achievement/accomplishment出人头地 make it to the top of in the society 形成团队合作和相互尊重的氛围 create an atmosphere of te

21、am spirit and mutual respect 理论付诸实践 put theories into practice; utilize book knowledge in reality; apply the theories learned in school to the resolution of practical problems.获得宝贵的工作经验 obtain invaluable working experience强化个人简历/任职能力 strengthen ones resumes/competence , 在工作面试中占有先机 have an edge/advan

22、tage in job interviews与受欢迎的雇主建立联系 build important contacts with sought-after employers, 使熟悉某一产业的最新发展 familiarize one with the contemporary state of an industry迎接挑战 Stand up to the challenge / meet the challenge 实现人生价值 realize the values of life 丰富一个人的生活阅历 enrich/accumulate ones social experience 培养自

23、己的独立性和坚韧性 cultivate ones independence and toughness 追求个人发展 seek for personal development 展示才能和创造力 display ones talent and creativity获得自我实现感 gain a sense of self-fulfillment/ achievement 为机构/社会做出贡献 make ones own contribution to an organization/ the society确定自己的角色 define ones role 无薪加班 work overtime w

24、ithout extra pay在团队中承担太多压力 assume/shoulder excessive responsibilities in the team赶工作任务的最后期限 meet the deadlines for work tasks 应对巨大工作压力 face/handle extreme pressure from work 生活有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic significance 让城市更美观 beautify(vt) the cit

25、ies/better(vt) the cityscape 破旧的（房子） rundown/shabby/ dilapidated 拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/razeto the ground 高楼 high-rise/towering buildings 摩天楼 skyscrapers 城市化 urbanization缩小城乡差距 narrow/bridge the gap between the city and the countryside 城市 city; urban area 大都市 metropolis; cosmopo

26、litan city乡村 the countryside; rural area 繁荣发展的 developed/prosperous/thriving/ booming 落后贫穷的 poor/ needy/underdeveloped/poverty-stricken居民 dweller, residents, inhabitant城市文明的舒适 civilized comforts田园生活 pastoral/idyllic life节奏快速的生活 fast-paced life生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of living has accelerated 舒缓的生活节奏 s

27、low/gentle pace of life相对高/低的生活水平 relatively poor/high living standards 低廉的/飞涨的生活成本 low/skyrocketing cost of living 丰富的生活物资 abundant life necessities多种多样的娱乐方式 various forms of entertainment交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions人口激增 Population explosion 拥挤的/人多的 crowded/populous人口稀少 have a small/sparse

28、/thinly-scattered population阶级两极分化 Class polarization贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/ destitute/indigent 富裕的 affluent/wealthy/well-off 失业 unemployment/joblessness 犯罪率上升 a rising crime rate 社会冲突 social conflict社会稳定 social stability 提供更多的就业机会/职位 offer more job opportunities/openings 现代生活的过大压力

29、overwhelming pressure/stress of modern life 情绪/精神/心理/社会/经济 emotional/mental/psychological/social/financial stress社会福利 social welfare 基础设施 infrastructure/public facilities/ utilities便捷的交通工具 Convenient transportation means (airplane/aeroplane; car/automobile; train/ high-speed train / bullet train; bu

30、s; subway/underground/tube/metro; ship/ferry/vessel)公路/铁路网 road/railway networks 公共交通 public transportation电网 power grid 供水系统 water supply 排水系统 drainage system娱乐设施 recreational facilities cafes/bars/pubs/clubs/discos/parks/squares/cinemas/theatres/museums/artgalleries/ aquariums/zoos/funfairs/shoppi

31、ng malls/supermarkets/department stores/restaurants/hotels体育设施 sport facilitiesgyms/stadiums/fitness center公共教育体系 public education system医疗服务 medical service/ medical care 技术电脑 personal computer, laptop, notebook, portable computers网络 the Internet, the virtual world, the cyberspace, World Wide Web搜索

32、引擎 search engine信息和资源的分享传播 the sharing and spreading of information and resources网上学习 online learning; Internet-based learning; online courses电子书籍/期刊 e-books/online journals网络社交 online chatting/socializing社交网站 social network websites网络时讯/天气预报 online newsletter/weather broadcast网络购物 online shopping/p

33、urchasing/ buying and selling网络视频和音频节目 online video and audio program网络会议 online video and audio meeting; teleconference网络犯罪 cyber crime网络色情 Internet porn网络诈骗 Internet fraud 电子商务 E-commerce, E-business 生物技术 biotechnology 医学技术 medical technology远程通讯 telecommunications尖端的技术 cutting-edge/ up-to-date/ s

34、tate-of-the-art/advanced technology 信息爆炸 information explosion/ an overload of information信息时代 the information age/era 互联网被广泛的应用 the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新与发展 technological innovations/inventions/advances/progress接入网络 get access to the Internet 打破时空界限 break the limits of space and time 打

35、破国与国之间的文化、宗教、意识形态的障碍 break the cultural/religious/ideological barriers of different nations节省时间、节省体力(能源) time-saving, energy-saving耗费时间、耗费体力(能源) energy-consuming, energy-consuming浪费时间、浪费精力 time-wasting, energy-wasting 为 牺牲个人时间 sacrifice private time for高效利用 make the best use of; take full advantage

36、of ; utilize efficiently 提高效率 augment/enhance/boost efficiency 提高生产效率 augment/enhance/boots productivity 减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery 自动化 automation(n)/ automatic (adj) 彻底变革 transform/revolutionize/fundamentally change sth. 以一种史无前例的速度向前发展 advance/progress at an un

37、precedented rate 突发猛进地发展 sth is advancing by leaps and bounds 产生深远的影响 create/ profound/far-reaching/pervasive influence/impact/effect促进文化交流 promote cultural exchange 增强国际交流和合作 strengthen international communication and cooperation电脑的使用有助于老师和学生扩宽他们的知识面。The use of computers can help teachers and stude

38、nts broaden their horizons.掌握电脑的使用为学生未来的职业发展奠定坚实的基础。The mastery of computer techniques lays a solid foundation for students career development inthe future.一些学生过分沉迷于网络会严重影响学习。Some of students are obsessed with the Internet, which will negatively affect their study.过度使用电脑会应影响身体健康。Excessive use of com

39、puter poses a serious threat to health of students.人们可以通过电脑和因特网在家办公。People can telecommute through the Internet and computers.人们需要不断接受职业培训以便赶上新科技的快速发展。People have to continue vocational training to keep pace with the fast development of technology电脑和办公自动化使得人们更有效地工作。Computerization and office automat

40、ion enable people to work more quickly and effectively.降低日常开支/租金/文具及设备开支 reduce overheads/rent/expenses on office stationery and equipments 汽车、飞机和铁路的普及大大减少了人们在路途上奔波的时间。The popularity of automobiles, airplanes and railways greatly reduce peoples commuting time.媒体新闻界 the press/journalism 大众媒体 mass med

41、ia 平面媒体 the print media 新闻的机构 news outlets 无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive各种各样激动人心的节目 various thrilling programs 如实的报道 factual accounts可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 客观公正的 objective and balanced及时的 up-to-the-minute/up-to-date信息量大的 informative 娱乐性强的 entertaining教育性的 educational/instructive制造

42、交流话题 create topics of discussion 加强家庭关系 strengthen the family ties/ the emotional bond of family members唤起社会的良知或者责任感 awaken the conscience of society 传播知识与科学 spread/diffuse/disseminate knowledge and science 明辨是非 distinguish/differentiate right from wrong 揭露事实和真理 reveal/disclose truths and facts低质量节目

43、 poor-quality programs 收视率 audience ratings 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit 狗仔队 paparazzi (复数) 名人 celebrities/ (TV/sports/political) personalities侵犯隐私/私生活 violate/intrude on/infringe on someones privacy/private life 破坏某人的名誉 ruin/damage/smear ones reputation/prestige 满足心理需要 satisfy peoples psychologic

44、al needs 丑闻 scandals 绯闻 gossips充斥着 be flooded with/ be saturated with/ be inundated with过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive violent and pornographic contents 媒体炒作 media hype 夸大事实 exaggerate /overstate /blow things out of all proportions不公正的报道 biased coverage有误导性的 misleading/misrepresented/distorted诈骗性的 fraudulent虚

45、假的 false/bogus使丧失了想象力和创造力 deprive somebody of ones imagination and creativity不能区别假象和现实 fail to tell the difference between illusion and reality 盲目追求时尚 follow the fashion blindly 疏远家人和朋友 alienate oneself from the family and friends 与现实隔绝 be detached from reality 模仿暴力/反社会行为 imitate violent/anti-social

46、 behaviors 激发少年犯罪 trigger juvenile crimes 审查 censor(vt)/ censorship (n)监督 scrutinize/monitor/oversee 道德/行为准则 code of ethics/code of conduct 国家/地区文化特性 cultural identity of a nation/region全球文化同一化过程 global cultural homogenization文化同一性 cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 地球村 the global village 环境生态

47、系统 ecosystem/ecological system 生物多样性 biodiversity打破生态平衡 disturb ecological balance/ecological equilibrium 保持生态平衡 keep/maintain ecological balance形成恶性循环 form a vicious circle某一地区的动植物 animals and plants/ flora and fauna/ the wildlife in a region濒危动物 Endangered animals 自然栖息地 natural habitat 野生保护区 wildl

48、ife reserve 可持续发展 sustainable development 环保主义者 environmentalist/conservationists 环境友好的 environmentally-friendly 生态友好的 eco-friendly肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil 耕地 arable land/farmland 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 开采自然资源 exploit natural resources 消耗 consume/deplete/ use up 节约 save/ conserve/ e

49、conomize on保护 preserve/protect/safeguard 再利用 reuse/recycle 用尽 use up/exhaust 污染 pollute/contaminate/dirty污水 effluent/sewage 排放 discharge/release 废物处理 waste disposal 有毒物质化学材料 poisonous/toxic/hazardous substances/ chemicals农业/工业/家庭废物 agricultural/ industrial/ household waste;车辆尾气 vehicle exhaust emission/fumes/gas化石燃料 fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, petroleum, gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas)环保型/可再生能源 Environme