分词系统理论知识.doc

1、1现在分词、过去分词（知识点）现在分词与过去分词可作: _语、_ 语、_ 语、_语(指出下列分词或分词短语,并说明其在句中的用法即句子成份)That was an extremely interesting speech. ( )People running these factories are very conerned about the environment. ( ）This destruction is frightening. （ ）We all found his argument convincing and interesting. （ ）They stood there

2、talking to each other. （ ）Having observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem .（ ） Being ill, he is absent today. （ ）We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown. （ ）The factory keeps rele

3、asing smoke, making the air dirty. （ ）Preparing fully,we can achieve great things. （ ）We should drink boiled water. （ ）The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. （ ）Edison became interested in science when he was very young. （ ）She found the door locked. （ ）The girl lay in bed lo

4、st in thought. （ ）When completed, the museum will be open to the public. （ ）Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room. （ ）Given more time, we could do it much better. （ ）II. 非谓语动词作定语（现在分词、过去分词、不定式、动名词）如何选用。表示:主动、正在进行、修饰名词的性质和特征, 选用_表示被动、完

5、成、（感情等）状态，选用_表示将来选用_表示用途,选用_如：The factory making TV sets is very large.（表_)The sleeping child is only five years old. （表_)The girl sitting beside me is my cousin. （表_)This is an interesting story. （表_)Half of the guests invited to the party were foreigners(表_)fallen leaves 落叶; the risen sun 升起了的太阳 (

6、表_)The matter related to your future cant betaken for granted.(表_)The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.（表_）His wish, to become a doctor, will come true.(表_)There is no swimming pool here.(表_)The house being built/to be built/built (分别表_)注意：现在分词的完成时 having done 不可作定语(一般用定语从句表

7、示); 我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my desk mate. 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my desk mate.III非谓语动词作表语（现在分词、过去分词,不定式，动名词）如何选用。表示主语的性质特征选用_2表示主语的（感情等）状态，选用_;说明主语的内容：表示将来具体某一次的动作，选用_； 表示经常性、习惯性、一般性的行为选用_； The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.(表示_)The bookstore

8、 is now closed.(表示 _)The children looked puzzled.(表示_) My job is teaching.(表示_)His dream is to be a doctor. (表示_)注意:凡表示“令人 的”用_形式，凡是表示“感到”用_形式。IV.非谓语动词作宾补( 不定式、现在分词、过去分词）如何选用。1).感官动词后接宾补：表示动作的全过程或经常发生选用_(被动句不省略_); 表示动作正在进行选用_; 表被动、完成、（感情等）状态，用_。2).使役动词动词后接宾补:使役动词 have, make, let 后接宾补,表结果先用_( 被动句不省略_

9、) ; 使役动词 get, leave, set, send 后接宾补 ,表结果选用_; 使役动词按宾补表持续进行,选用_ ; 使役动词接宾补表被动、完成、（感情等）状态选用_。I heard him singing in the next room。(表_)I saw her cross the street。(表_)Do you often hear them sing in the room ? (表_)I noticed the room cleaned.(表_)Dont keep the students doing homework all day.(表_) I looked do

10、wn at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表_) 注意：“ have sth. done” 含义 : “_”(事情既可以是别人完成，也可以由主语参与完成) 例如： He had the walls painted this morning. （主语自己可能参与） “_”。例如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. “_”。例如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. V、.非谓语动词作状语（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）如何选用。表目的，构成 only

11、/never to do 表意外结果，be+adj.+ to do 表原因时，选用_.表主动(而不表目的)选用_(发生在谓语动作之前用现在分词的_形式）表被动、(感情等)状态,选用_。注意：现在分词、过去分词作状语可表时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随、，相当于相应的状语从句或并列句（现在分词短语作原因状语，通常用 be, feel, know, recognize, consider, fear 等状态动词的现在分词短语 ;现在分词作结果状语 ,多用于句尾, 前用逗号隔开; 表示顺乎自然的（必然的）结果. ）。_(hear) the news，they all jumped with

12、joy. (表_)_( water) the flowers，he began to cut the grass. (表_)_(Work) hard, you will succeed. (表_)_(Be) ill, he had to stay at home. (表_)3The cup dropped to the ground, _(break) into pieces. (表_)She came _(run) towards me. (表_)The children ran out of the room, _(talk) merrily.(表_) Though _ money, hi

13、s parents managed to send him to university. (表_)A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking _(Ask) why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. (表_)_(Catch) in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表_)_(Water) more, these cabbages could have grown better(表_)_(Surround) by his students, the professor sat there che

14、erfully. (表_)_(Defeat) again, he didnt lose heart. (表_)注意:1）现在分词的完成被动式一般可以用 _替换（表次数时，用_；句中有过去时间状语，用_)Discussed(_), the problem was settled at last._( discuss) several times, the decision was finally made._(Build) in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.2). 由 be+过去分词构成短语表非谓语作状语时，去掉_动词,即可。（常见的有：be lost in

15、（陷入某种状态）、be lost/absorbed（沉溺于） in、 be born in（出身于）、be dressed in（穿着）、be tired of （厌烦了）等。_(lose) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 3)分词作状语前可加连词：分词作状语，前可加一个表示时间、条件、让步、方式关系连词，使意思更清楚：He scanned the newspaper while _(have) breakfast. Though _(work) day and night, the gambler still could not make

16、enough money to pay off his debts. The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if _(remember) something. VI. 现在分词、过去分词的插入语（固定）结构现在分词： generally speaking_, judging from_, talking of, speaking of_, supposing _过去分词：: compared with/to _Compared with /to her mother, she is taller. VII. 现在分词、过去分词的时

17、态、语态形式（分词的否定形式为其前加_)现在分词： 一般式_( 正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生)完成式:_(发生在谓语动词动作之前) 被动一般式：_( 表正在进行，不作_) 。被动完成式_( 在句中多作状语，不能作_)。过去分词：只有一般式(没有完成式,没有被动式)The car_ ( repaire) now is mine. _(repair), the car cant be used.VIII分词的独立主格结构：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语相同；当分词的逻辑主语不同于句子主语时，则分词要加上自已的独立主语，叫分词的独立主格结构。The bell ringing, we all stoppe

18、d talking. IX、其它感观动词、使役动词后接非谓语动词表被动，要用_形式(不用不定式、现在分词的被动形式）； 在 order, want, like, would like ,wish 等动词后，可用过去分词作宾补、不定式被动形式作宾补（不用现在分词被动式作宾补） 。4Ill have my hair_ （cut ）. ( 不用 being cut，to be cut 或 be cut)The speaker couldnt make himself _(hear).(不用 being heard, to be heard, be heard)He wanted his house_( paint).(不用 being painted)