定语从句必备.doc

1、1定语从句必背一、只用 that,不用 which 指物先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。E.g.: All that we have to do is to practice English.先行词被不定代词 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等所修饰。E.g.: Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。E.g.: The first letter that I

2、got from him will be kept.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, just 等所修饰。E.g.: He is the only person that I want to talk with.先行词既有人又有物时。E.g.: They talked about persons and things that they met.当主句中已有 who 或者 which 时，为避免重复。E.g.: Who is the man that is giving us the class?Which is the T-shirt

3、that fits me most?在“there + be”的句型中，先行词为物时,只用 that，先行词为人时，用 who/whom.E.g.: There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 当先行词为主句的表语且关系代词为从句的表语时。E.g.: Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。以 here is(are) 开头的句子时

4、。E.g.: Here is a film that will move anyone. 这是一部将使任何人都受感动的电影。Here are two books that I will buy. 这是我要买的两本书。It is (high) time that + 定语从句。 /It is the first/ last time that+定语从句。E.g.: It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。It is the first time that he has been late.这是他第一次吃到。先行词本身是 what, who 时1

5、1e.g. What that is on the table belongs to me.二、只用 which 的情况： 在非限制性定语从句中介词提前时，指物用 which，指人用 whom: e.g. This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.若有两个定语从句，一个用 that，另一个需用 which:e.g. The book that he bought yesterday was the one which he liked best.先行词后有插入语时e.g. Here is the English grammar book which,

6、 as Ive told you, will help improve your English.2作定语(其前有介词): in which case / situation, during which time, at which pointHe lost his temper,at which point I decided to go home.他发起脾气来，在这一时刻我决定回家。His son insisted on joining the army, in which case he had to give in.It rained all night, during which t

7、ime the crops were damaged三、如何区分 that 与 who。指人时用 who, 在许多情况下，可以与 that 互换，但只用 who 的情况如下：先行词是 he, one, ones, anyone, anybody, those 时 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Anyone w

8、ho fails to finish the task should be criticized.在 there be 句型和非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，其后的定语从句用 who.E.g.: There is a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位绅士想见你。但当主句中已有 who, 为了避免重复，只能用 that。e.g. Who is the man that you greeted at the party last night?四、whose：在定语从句中充当定语，即可指人又可指物。whose + n(指物)=the + n(指物) +of wh

9、ich = of which + the + n(指物)whose + n(指人)=the + n(指人) +of whom = of whom + the + n(指人)e.g. Do you know the boy whose father is a worker?= Do you know the boy the father of whom is a worker?= Do you know the boy of whom the father is a worker?五、Where 特殊用法where 可与 from 连用。His head soon appeared out of

10、 one of the second story windows, from where he could see nothing but trees. 不一会儿，他从二楼的一个窗户探出头来，除了树林外，他从那儿什么也看不见了。where 又可以指抽象的某一情况，如有 situation, point, condition, case, position, stage, degree等作先行词，表示人与物所处的情况、发展阶段，或表达某个方面，在定语从句中充当状语，应当考虑用 where。 They have reach the point where they have to get sepa

11、rated.Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.先行词是 occasion,在定语从句中充当状语，用 when=on which.Occasions are rare when I can spend a day with my daughter.六、其他特殊句型such as 像一样的/像之类的3suchthat如此 以致于 (that 引导结果状语从句 ,从句中不少成分)the same as 和一样的the same that和同一个Such people

12、 as you describe are short nowadays.像你描绘的这样的人现在太少了。He is such a good teacher as we like. 他像我们喜欢的好老师一样He is such a good teacher that we like him.他是如此好的一位老师以至于我们都喜欢他。She wears the same clothes as you do. 她穿的衣服和你穿的衣服是同样的。This is the same pen that I lost. 这就是我丢失的那一支钢笔。 (同一支笔)as you know/see, as we can s

13、ee, as is known to (us) all, as we expected, as is often the case, as often happens, as is mentioned above正如你所知/见，众所周知 可用在句中任何位置。当先行词为 way 时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况: that, in which 或不填。I dont like the way you talked to your mother.A. that B. which C. in which D. / (A, C, D)one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语

14、the (only) one of + 复数名词 + who/which/that +单数谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday.A. was B. were C. is D. are (B) He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (D) some, any, none, all, both, neith

15、er, many, most, each, few 等代词或数词+of which/whomHe loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.7. 定语从句的辨认与使用。步骤一：要辨别出先行词，看指人还是指物。步骤二：判断先行词在从句中充当什么成分，来确定关系代词或关系副词。步骤三：最后要确定关系代词的人称、数和格，确定从句的谓语形式及时态(它的时态/ 语态都不受主句时态的限制)【方法一】：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后须跟宾，且先行词又充当及物动词的宾语时，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物

16、动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village(that/which)I visited last year. (visit vt.) Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. (work vi.)【方法二】：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/副词。1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one42. Is this the m

17、useum the exhibition was held?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one分析：还原法：把 1 变为肯定句：This museum is you visited a few days ago.可以看出：1 缺少先行词，只有选 D，既作了主句的表语，又作了从句的宾语。 (省去了关系代词 that/which)分析：还原法：把 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition was held.可以看出：2 的从句中，主谓宾俱全，先行词 the museum 在定语从句中充当地点状语，选 A。也可用介词 in+which 来代替 where，因 in the museum 在博物馆中，不能用 on。