1、Menu Translator : Chinese Cuisine中餐菜谱不容易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜谱翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是茶的用料、刀法和烹调方法。由此可见,要译好菜谱,就必须知道一些主要的用料、刀法、烹调方法及某些准备步骤。1常见的用料鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose 鱼类 fish肉类 meat 猪肉 pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal羊肉 mutton 小羊肉 lamb 牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet排骨 spare ribs 腰子 kidney 肚子
2、 tripe 肝 liver舌 tongue 下水 offals 蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle海味 seafood 虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹 crab鱿鱼 squid 海蜇 jellyfish 黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon 鹌鹑 quail龙虾 lobster 牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠 sausage 火腿 ham熊掌 bears p
3、aw 鱼翅 sharks fin 燕窝 birds nest 鲍鱼 abalone2切煮前的准备工作去骨 boning 例如,去骨鸭掌 boned duck webs打鳞 scaling 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish剥/去皮 skinning 例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps腌制 pickling 例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables3常用刀法及用料形状(1)常用刀法切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet切碎 mince 捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff(2)常用用
4、料形状肉/鱼片 sliced meat/fish 或 meat/fish slices肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork/chicken 或 meat/chicken cubes肉末 minced meat肉丸 meat balls肉馅 meat filling4中餐菜谱翻译法(1)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。如:狮子头 Lions HeadPork Meat Balls全家福 Happy Fa
5、milyA combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce(3)意译法。此法可分为三种情况:1)原料+with+ 作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词 with 或 in 与作料构成的短语即可。如:海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古
6、老肉 Sweet stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)涮 instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉”(Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices)酿 stuffed 如 “酿青椒”(Stuffed Green Pepper)烤 roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅”(Roast Goose)清蒸 steamed(in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼” (Steamed Mandarin Fish)清炖 stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼”(Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)白灼/嫩煮 scalde
7、d 如“ 白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)红烧 braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋” (Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝 ”(Scallop in Pepper Sauce)麻辣 with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper/Spice Bean Curd)酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁”(Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)鱼香 in (spicy)garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝”
8、(Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce)糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce)宫保 with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁 ”(Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts)脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“ 脆皮鱼” (Crisp Fish)香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken)焦熘 fried in sauce 如“焦溜鱼片”(Fried Fi
9、sh Slices in Sauce)甜酸 sweet and sour 如“ 甜酸肉” (Sweet assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉”(Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“ 茄汁鸡脯” (Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce)咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉”(Fried Beef with Curry)八宝(stuffed)with eight delicacies 如“ 八宝鸡”(Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies)葱爆 quick-fried
10、with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉”(Steamed Beef in Rice Flour)奶油 in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚 ”(Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉”(Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus)醉 liquor-preser
11、ved 如“醉蟹”(Liquor-Preserved Crabs)辣味 in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾”(Braised Prawns in Chili Sauce)豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼 ”(Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce)黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“ 黄焖大虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)椒盐 with pepper and salt 如“ 椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt)怪味 multi-flavored
12、 如“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavored Chicken)常见蔬菜 Vegetables芹菜 celery 菠菜 spinach 西葫芦 summer squash/field pumpkin茄子 eggplant 苦瓜 bitter gourd/balsam 冬瓜 wax gourd/winter melon辣椒 hot/red pepper/chilli 韭菜 Chinese leek 葱 scallion 香菜 coriander 胡萝卜 carrot 白萝卜 white radish 蒜薹 garlic stem白菜 Chinese cabbage 菜花 cauliflower 柿
13、子椒 sweet pepper 豆芽 bean sprout 竹笋 bamboo shoot 芦笋 asparagus 藕 lotus root荸荠 water chestnut 芸豆 kidney bean 豇豆 cowpea刀豆 jack/sword bean 扁豆 hyacinth 豌豆 pea蚕豆 broad bean 红豆 aduki bean 绿豆 mung bean芥蓝 kale/cabbage mustard 青菜 greens/vegetables 红薯 sweet potato 生菜 romaine lettuce 空心菜 water spinach 海带 kelp紫菜 l
14、aver 粉条 vermicelli/bean noodles 醪糟 fermented glutinous rice 油菜 cole榨菜 tuber mustard 黄花菜 day-lily buds 丝瓜 sponge squash 木耳 fungus 银耳 tremella(white wood fungus) 芋头 taro常见水果及干果蜜橘 tangerine 红橘 mandarin orange 无花果 fig 荔枝 lichee枇杷 loquat 龙眼 longan 芒果 mango 樱桃 cherry葡萄柚 grape fruit 柿子 persimmon 山楂 haw 桑葚
15、mulberry石榴 pomegranate 香瓜 musk melon 栗子 chestnut 核桃 walnut榛子 hazel nut 槟榔 betel nut 椰子 coconut 白果 gingko枣 date 甜瓜 cantaloupe 开心果 pistachio 腰果 cashew葡萄干 raisin 杏仁 almond 葵花子 sunflower seeds西瓜子 water melon seeds 南瓜子 pumpkin seeds河鲜与海味桂鱼 mandarin fish 鲤鱼 carp 黄花鱼 yellow croaker 鲫鱼 crucian carp银鱼 white bait 带鱼 hair-tail fish 对虾 prawn 鲇鱼 catfish海参 sea cucumber/sea slug 墨鱼 cuttlefish 鳝鱼 eel草鱼 grass carp
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