高考英语核心语法学案：名词性从句.doc

1、高考英语核心语法学案：名词性从句【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what)(1) That he will succeed is certain. (2) Whether he will go there is not known. (3) What he said is not true. (4)

2、When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 【结论】 that从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但 that 不能省略。whether 从句，从句来源于一般疑问句， whether 不能省略，意为“是否” ，不能用 if 替换。 特殊疑问词从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。【疑难 1】Who he is is none of my business. 【疑难剖析 1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。【疑难 2】Th

3、at he likes English is known to us all. What he said at the meeting made me sad. 【疑难剖析 2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。【疑难 3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 【疑难剖析 3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。【疑难 3】It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether

4、 you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 【疑难剖析 3】1主语从句通常由 it 充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。2 it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who / whom。3. 用 it 作形式主语的常用结构 It is 名词

5、 从句It is a fact that事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识It is 形容词 从句It is natural that很自然It is strange that奇怪的是 It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that似乎It happened that碰巧It appears that似乎 It 过去分词 从句It is reported that据报道It has been proved that已证实 It is said that据说【疑难 5】It is said that Chair

6、man Hu will visit our school next week. () That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said. ()【疑难剖析 5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：1. if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。2. It is said / reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。3. It happens / occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ()That he failed in the

7、 examination occurred to him. ()4. It doesnt matter how / whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. ()Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. ()5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening？()Is that will rain in the evening likely？()【疑难 6】 what 与

8、that 在引导主语从句时的区别What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.【疑难剖析 6】 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，而 that 则不充当任何成分。二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)或介词之后。【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, where, what，who)(5)I heard that he joined the army. (6)She did not know w

9、hat had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (7)She told me that she would accept my invitation. 【结论 9】由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略) ，that 在从句中不充当任何成分。由 what 引导的宾语从句，what 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。whether (if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“ 是否”。【疑难 1】引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether 的区别I asked her if /

10、 whether she had a bike. They discussed whether they will go back right now. Were worried about whether he is safe. I dont know whether or not he will come. I dont know whether to go. 【疑难剖析 1】引导宾语从句时用 if 和 whether 都可以，但有只用 whether 的特殊情况：动词 discuss 后；介词后；whether 与 or not 连用时； whether to do。 【疑难 2】I a

11、m afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 【疑难剖析 2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略 that。【注意】下列形容词后常跟 that 引导的从句作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。(有时也将此类词后的 that 从句看作原因状语从句。 )【疑难

12、3】We heard it that she would get married next month. 【疑难剖析 3】it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 )。 【疑难 4】I admire their winning the match. ()I admire that they won the match. ()【疑难剖析 4】后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词有：allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, disl

13、ike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。 【疑难 5】He impressed the manager as an honest man. ()He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. ()【疑难剖析 5】有些动词不可用于 “动词间接宾语that从句”结构中，这类动词常见的有envy，order，accuse ，refuse，impress ，forgive ，blame ， denounce，advise ，congratulate

14、等。 【疑难 6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont think this dress fits you well. 【疑难剖析 6】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 三、表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。【完成例句】根据句意填空(8) The question is whether we can make good prepara

15、tion in such a short time. (9) This is why we cant get the support of the people. (10) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. (11) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 【结论 1】完整陈述句充当表语时用 that 引导，且不可省略；表“是否 ”含义时用 whether；语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如 what，when

16、，where，why 等；两种特殊句型：the reason is that和 It is because等结构。四、同位语从句在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(12) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. (13) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般

17、由 that 引导，可以接同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order等。【疑难 1】同位语在句子中的位置He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑难剖析 1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 【疑难 2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 【疑难剖析 2】 (1)定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。