1、1可 数 名 词 的 复 数 变 化可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两个大类。1.名词复数的规则变化:绝大多数名词直接在词尾加 s变成复数,如:cupcups, bathroom-bathrooms以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词变复数要加 es,如:class(班级)classes, box(盒子)boxes, match(火柴)matches, brush(刷子)brushes以 f或 fe结尾的名词变复数时,去 f或 fe再加 ves。f、fe 结尾的顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮月光。按:顺口溜
2、中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以f(e)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为 ve再加-s。注意:以 f结尾的名词,一般把把 f改为 ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s 的,如 gulf(海湾), roof(屋顶), chief(首领), serf(农仆), belief(信仰), proof(证据), handkerchief(手帕) 。编成口诀联想:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据定在手帕上。 以
3、 y结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情况而变: 元音+y:直接+s ,如:boyboys, toytoys, day-days辅音+y:变 y为 i,再+es ,如:study(书房)studies, city(城市)cities, party(晚会)-parties以 o结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情况而变:O结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以 o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加 es,凡无生命的以 o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加 s。有生命:potato(土豆)-potatoes, tomato(西红杮)-tomatoes, hero(英雄)-heroes, Negro(黑人)-Negroes如无生命:z
4、oo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)-tobaccos2)两人两菜一水果。 (+es)小学-中学课本中以 o结尾的名词构成复数时,加 es的只有 Negro(黑人) ,hero(英雄) ,potato(土豆) ,tomato(西红杮) ,mango(芒果)这就是“两人两菜一水果” 。 3)其余以 o结尾的名词变复数时均加 s。图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo” ,上面挂着一张“photo” ,所照的是一架“piano” ,上面放着
5、一台“radio” 。zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios. 2.名词复数的不规则变化:2把 oo变成 ee,如:foot(脚)feet, tooth(牙齿)teeth, goose(鹅)-geese把词尾 man变成 men,如:woman(妇女)women, policeman(警察)-policemen, fisherman(渔民)fishermen, Frenchman(法国男人)Frenchmen, Englishman(英国男人)Englishmen, 注意:German(德国人)Ger
6、mans, humanhumans, walkmanwalkmans表示民族的名词顺口溜(1) “中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2) “英、法”联盟 a变 e。(3)其他一律加 s 即 Chinese,Japanese 单复数同形;Englishman,Frenchman 的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen;其他像 German,American,Australian 等的复数形式是在后面加“s” 。在词尾加 en或 ren变成复数,如:oxoxen, childchildren,单复数同形,如:sheepsheep, deerdeer, ChineseChinese, Japane
7、seJapanese means-means(方法,手段)注意: fish 的复数有两种:同种鱼,只表示鱼的数量多,不加 es:There are nearly 500 fish in the pond. 强调有不同种类的鱼时要加 es:There are all kinds of fishes in the pond.其它一些常见名词的不规则变化:mouse(老鼠)mice ;basisbases(基础);oasisoases(绿洲),datumdata(数据);medium-media(媒体)、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、pi
8、ano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.A. is B .are C
9、.were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans34. Thats art book.A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already(已经).A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. si
10、x boxes of apples B. six boxes of appleC. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teet
11、h D.our teeth10.They come from different _A. country B.countries C. a country D. countrys11. How many _do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato12. They are_.A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher13. Would you like _ ,please?A. two glass of
12、water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters14. Most of _ live in _.A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany15. There are some _ in these _.A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes16. _ like
13、_ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, travelingA. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples三).填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)45. The _ are playing football now. (child)
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