2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词2.doc

1、- 1 -2014 高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_掩藏；躲藏(vt.)2_假装(vi.)3_漫步；闲逛(vi.)4_标志(着)vt.5_贸易(n.)6_华丽的；富丽堂皇的(adj.hidepretendwandermarktrademagnificent7_杂乱；混乱(n.)_混淆；使迷惑(vt.)_迷惑的，混乱的(adj.)_令人迷惑的(adj.)8_延长(vt.)_延伸；扩大(n.)9_记忆(n.)_记住；熟记(vt.)_纪念物；纪念碑(n.)10_使人放松的(adj.)_使放松(vt.)_消遣；娱乐(n.)_放松的(adj.)confusionconfusecon

2、fusedconfusingextendextensionmemorymemorizememorialrelaxingrelaxrelaxationrelaxed11_美味可口的(adj.)_味道，口味(n.)_尝起来有味道(vi.)12_引进；进口(vt. without being recognised3Which of the festivals you have read or heard about in this module _ you _ go to?- 3 -在这个模块里，你读到和听到的节日里，你愿意参加哪一个？答案：would; rather4. _ an immediat

3、e _ for _ on them.需要人们立刻到农场或庄园里工作。答案：there was; need; people to work.模块语法1There were lots of people standing watching, yet no one of them _.A. offered to helpB. offered helpingC. was offered to helpD. was offering help答案：A2Doctors and medical supplies _ to the scene of the accident.A. had rushed B.

4、were rushedC. were rushing D. rushed答案：B3He kept a little notebook, in which _ the names and addresses of his friends.A. wrote B. was writingC. was written D. were written答案：D4The mayor of London says that all construction work for the London Olympic _ by 2010.A. has been completedB. has completedC.

5、 will have been completedD. will have completed答案：C5He is constantly _ not to do that, but he still goes on doing it all the same.A. telling B. being toldC. told D. to tell答案：B考点探究解密考 点 解 读 1hide vt.隐藏；掩饰 vi.躲藏The sun was hidden by the clouds.精讲拓展：hide up 包庇坏人hide out口躲藏hide away 躲藏；隐藏hide sth. from

6、 sb.把某事隐瞒着某人hidingU躲藏处，C痛打hidden adj.秘密的；隐蔽的- 4 -hide and seek 捉迷藏注意：be hidden 是一个系表结构，表状态，类似的还有：be seated 坐下，be stationed驻扎等。误区警示：hide 的过去式，过去分词：hid, hidden。be hidden 是一个系表结构，表示状态。朗文在线：The bushes hid Daves bike completely from the passersby.灌木丛把戴夫的自行车完全盖住了，路过的人根本无法发现。Harry hid under the bed until t

7、hey had gone.哈里一直躲在床下，直到他们离开。Dont try to hide anything from me!什么也别想瞒过我！命题方向：hide 作及物动词的用法以及过去分词 hidden 作表语和状语的用法。活学巧练：(1)His words had a_(隐藏的)meaning.(2)She tried to_(掩饰)her feelings.(3)他藏在门后。(汉译英)答案：(1)hidden (2)hide (3)He was hidden behind the door.(4)Its not proper for her to struggle to _ the t

8、ruth about her past from her husband.A. hold B. hideC. defend D. cover答案与解析：B 考查动词词义辨析。A 项意为“抓住，保持” ，C 项意为“防御” ，D 项意为“盖住” ，而 hide sth. from sb.意为“瞒着某人某事” 。句意：对她来说竭力去对丈夫隐瞒她过去的真相是不合适的。2extend v扩充，延伸，伸展，扩大；(军)使疏开，给予，提供精讲拓展：extend for 延续(距离)extend from 从中伸出来extend from. into 从延伸/插到里extend from. to.从绵延/一

9、直到extend out 伸出extend over 延续(时间)，遍布extend through.贯穿，达到整个的长度extend through to(一直)延伸到extended adj.伸出的，延长的，广大的，扩大范围的，长期的B10extension n伸长，延长，延展，伸展朗文在线：The River Nile extends as far as Lake Victoria.尼罗河一直延伸至维多利亚湖。We extended the kitchen by six feet.我们把厨房扩大了 6 英尺。My duties at the school extend beyond ju

10、st teaching.我在学校的职责不只是教书。- 5 -命题方向：extend 作不及物劝词的用法以及与 expand 的语意辨析。活学巧练：介/副词填空(1)The forest extends_ miles in alldirections.(2)The repayment period will be extend_20 years_ 25 years.(3)The company plans to extend itsoperations_ Europe.forfrom.tothrough to3pretend vt.假装，装作精讲拓展：pretendsth.伪称某事物(尤用作借口

11、)to do.假装做to be n./adj.假装是to be doing.假装在做to have done.假装已做thatclause 假装pretence n假装；托辞；假象pretension n声称，主张，要求；自负朗文在线：The candidate pretended (that)she had worked for a newspaper before.这位候选人佯称她以前在一家报社工作过。Sarah pretended to be cheerful and said nothing about the argument.萨拉假装很开心，没有说起吵架的事。活学巧练：汉译英(1)

12、昨天他假装头疼。答案：(1)He pretended a headache yesterday.(2)我们千万不要不懂装懂。答案：(2)We mustnt pretend to know what we dont know.(3)当他遇到熊时就装死。答案：(3)He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.4celebration n祝贺；庆祝；庆典精讲拓展：in celebration of 为庆祝hold a celebration 举行庆典/庆祝会celebrate vt. & vi.庆祝celebrate Christmas 庆祝圣诞节celeb

13、rate ones birthday 为某人过生日celebratory adj.庆祝的；庆典的朗文在线：Weve bought champagne to celebrate Jans promotion.我们买了香槟来庆贺简的提升。- 6 -The Chinese celebrate their New Year in January or February.中国人在一月或二月庆祝自己的新年。命题方向：celebration 作名词用时与相关单词的语意辨析及动词形式 celebrate 的用法。活学巧练：完成句子(1)It was Christmas. Many people returne

14、d home from far away to_.圣诞节到了，许多人从外地回来过节。(2)A large inspection was held_ _ _the Armys 80th Anniversary.为庆祝建军八十周年，举行了大型阅兵式。hold a celebrationincelebrationof5mark n分数；记号；标志；痕迹 v标明；标志；打分数；批改a trade mark 商标full marks 满分get 90 marks for English 英语得了 90 分mark down 减价；打折mark out 画出界限mark. with.用作标记mark. o

15、n.在上作记号朗文在线：Winter coats have been marked down from $ 80 to $ 50.冬装已经从 80 美元降到了 50 美元。Her ability marked her out for political success.她的才能表明她必能在政治上取得成就。My students marked their names on their school uniforms.我的学生们在校服上标上了他们的名字。活学巧练：(1)I picked up a copybook in the schoolyard yesterday _ with name an

16、d class.A. marking B. to markC. marked D. being marked答案与解析：C 考查过去分词短语作定语。mark 的用法是“mark. with.”。因此 a copybook 和 mark 之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，先排除 A、B 两项，而 D 项 being marked 表示动作正在进行，不合题意。因此选 C。(2)(2009云南玉溪一中模拟)From the words _ on the old pot, we decide that it dates back to at least five hundred years ago.A.

17、 having been markedB. markedC. to be markedD. being marked答案与解析：B 句意：从刻在陶罐上的字来看，我们认为它至少有 500 年的历史了。- 7 -marked 为过去分词作定语。6come to an end 完结精讲拓展：begin/start at the wrong end 开始就错bring sth. to an end 使停止/结束at the end of 在的尽头put an end to sth.结束；停止make ends meet 收支平衡to an end 徒劳；无益to the end 到底to the en

18、d of time 永久in the end 最后；终于误区警示：come to an end 为不及物的动词短语，后面不能接宾语。接宾语时须用 put an end to 或 bring sth. to an end。The liberation put an end to their days of hardship.解放了，他们受苦受难的日子终于结束了。朗文在线：The job came to an end last month.那项工作上个月完成了。Winning the competition put an end to his financial problems.在比赛中获胜使他

19、的财政问题随之消失。命题方向：come to an end 与相关短语的辨析。活学巧练：We have to wait until the discussion between them_.Amakes an end Bcomes to an endCputs an end Dbrings to an end答案与解析：B 句意：我们必须等，直到他们之间的讨论结束。A、C、D 三项均应用被动结构。故选 B 项。7dress up 打扮；装饰精讲拓展：be dressed in 穿着dress sb. down 狠狠地训斥某人；揍某人all dress up and nowhere to go打

20、扮得漂漂亮亮却无处去炫耀误区警示：dress 与 wear 都有“穿、戴”的意思。dress 给(某人)穿衣，后接人。She dressed her baby.她给孩子穿衣。wear 后接衣物、首饰等。She wore a diamond necklace.她戴着一条钻石项链。朗文在线：He went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster.他装扮成一个芝加哥歹徒去参加晚会。I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in.- 8 -我保存着一箱旧衣服让孩子们穿着玩。We

21、dressed him up as s gorilla.我们把他装扮成大猩猩。命题方向：dress 作及物动词和不及物动词用法上的区别。活学巧练：介/副词填空(1)How do you normally dress_ work?(2)He dressed_ and went out for a party.(3)He was dressed_ for what he had done.(4)The man dressed_ a suit is Mr. Wolf.atupdownin8in secret 秘密地；暗地里精讲拓展：in secretsecretly 秘密地in the secret

22、 参与秘密keep the secret 保密keep sth. secret 对某事保密let sb. into the secret 让某人知道秘密make no secret of 毫不掩饰be secret about sth.对某事严守秘密误区警示：在表示自然/宇宙等的奥秘时，secret 常用复数形式：the secrets of nature/the universe。朗文在线：Lilian cried in secret, afraid to tell anyone.莉莲偷偷地哭，不敢告诉任何人。Howard made no secret of his disappointme

23、nt.霍华德毫不掩饰他的失望。命题方向：in secret 作为副词短语作状语的用法。活学巧练：The girl_no secret of her feelings in public.Amakes BtakesChides Dkeeps答案与解析：A 这个女孩在公共场合下从不掩饰自己的情感。9There was a(great) need for sb. to do sth.精讲拓展：There is/was a(great)/no need (for sb.) to do sth. (不)需要某人干某事There is/was a (great)/no need for sth./sb.

24、(不)需要某物(人)There is/was no possibility to do sth. 没有可能干某事There is/was no time to do sth. 没有时间干某事There is/was no doubt to do sth.毫无疑问干某事There is no point in doingThere is no sense in doing 做没有意义/用处- 9 -朗文在线：Is there any need to explain further？Is there any need for further explanation?有必要更进一步说明吗？There

25、 is no need for you to wait.你不必等了。There is a great need for a new book on the subject.非常需要有一本这方面的新书。The meeting is due the day after tomorrow, so there is no need for us to go today.预计后天开会，所以我们今天就没有必要走了。活学巧练：汉译英(1)埋怨也没什么用，人家根本不理睬。答案：(1)There is not much point in complaining, they never take any noti

26、ce.(2)既然你回来了，我就没有必要再帮你洗衣服了。答案：(2)Now that you have returned, there is no need for me to wash the clothes for you.(3)_is no need for primary students to work at their desks all day long.AThere BItCWhat DThat答案与解析：A “There is no need” “没有必要”10复习被动语态1被动语态的基本知识(1)概念当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受

27、者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。(2)构成是：“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”助动词 be 有时态、人称和数的变化，也可以构成否定式或疑问式。(3)用法：被动语态常用于下列场合需要强调动作的承受者；只知道动作的承受者，不知道谁是动作的执行者；论述科技内容的文体需要强调客观性和科学性。The bridge was made of stone.这座桥是石头砌的。A lot of people were killed in the fire.许多人丧生于火海中。(4)构成形式- 10 -2.较为复杂的被动语态结构(1)涉及动词短语的被动结构The plants should be taken good care of.这些植物应该好好呵护。When it rained, the soil was carried away down the hills, and into the rivers.下雨时，土壤被冲到山下，冲进了河中。(2)涉及双宾语/补足语的被动语态结构。Mr. King was told to remove his trousers.有人要金先生脱掉裤子。(3)涉及副词修饰语的被动结构。