2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词11.doc

1、- 1 -2014 高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_秩序(n.)2_原则；准则(n.)3_职位(n.)4_强调(vt.)5_辞职(vi.)orderprinciplepositionstressresign6_有影响的(adj.)7_公正(n.)8_燃料(n.)9_状况；条件；环境(n.)10_平等的(adj.)_平等(n.)11_哲学家(n.)_哲学(n.)influentialjusticefuelconditionequalequalityphilosopherphilosophy12_顾问(n.)_建议(v.)_(n.)13_诚实(n.)_(adj.)14_贡献(

2、n.)_贡献；捐献；投稿(v.)15_发明(vt.)_(n.)_发明家(n.)16_争论；辩论；议论(n.)_(v.)adviseradviseadvicehonestyhonestcontributioncontributeinventinventioninventorargument- 2 -argue.常用短语1_与交战2_为自豪3_责任感4_首次；第一次5_与不同be at war withbe proud of/ take pride ina sense of responsibilityfor the first timebe different from6_养育；抚养；呕吐7_总

3、之8_与相似9_照顾10_叫醒bring upin conclusionbe similar tolook afterwake up.重点句型1Treat others _ you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。答案：in the way2Ancient China was _ states were often _ each other.古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。答案：a place where; at war with3Mencius believed that _ man is different from animals _ man is

4、good.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。答案：the reason why; is that4_ you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。答案：They say that.模块语法1A computer is so useful a machine _ we can use everywhere.A. that B. whichC. as D. what答案与解析：C 本题考查定语从句。由句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种有用的机器。由句中 soadj.an.知先行词被 so修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，

5、故选 C。要注意与so.that句型的区别。- 3 -2Albert Einstein, for _ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.A. whom B. whoseC. which D. his答案与解析：A 本题考查介词提前的定语从句。Einstein 为先行词，故选 A。3Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 oclock at night, _ we students have gone to sleep.A. that ti

6、me B. by which timeC. by that time D. which time答案与解析：B 本题考查定语从句。由句中. until 11 oclock at night知先行词为表时间的词，又据句后. have gone to sleep 知应选 B， “在之前” 。4The river, _ the banks are covered with trees, is very long.A. whose B. whichC. of which D. which of答案与解析：C 本题考查定语从句。whose banksof which the banksthe banks

7、 of which。5We can never forget the days _ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; whenC. what; that D. on which; when答案与解析：A 本题考查定语从句关系词的应用。尽管两空前都是 the days，但分析句子成分知第一空填关系副词，作不及物动词 work的时间状语；第二空填关系代词，作及物动词 spend的宾语。故选 A。 考点探究解密考 点 解 读

8、 1equal adj.相等的，均等的 n.相等的事物(或数量)vt.等于精讲拓展：equally adv.同样地；相等地equality n相等；平等；同等equalize vt.使相等；使平等be the equal of ones words 说到做到be without equal 无比；无敌be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任be equal with 与平等equal pay for equal work 同工同酬误区警示：equal 作名词时是可数名词表示“相同的事物或数量” ，而 equality是一不可数名词表示“相等” 。朗文在线：A poun

9、d is roughly equal to 500 grams.1磅约等于 500克。Trade should balance when supply equals demand.供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。His paintings are without equal in the Western world.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。- 4 -词语辨析：equal 与 same两者都含有“相同的”的意思。equal 指“在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的” 。One li is equal to half a kilometer.一华里等于半公里。same 指“同一的” “相同的”

10、“实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的” 。They have the same problem.他们有相同的问题。命题方向：equal 常与词义接近的词，以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练：In my opinion，no search engine can _ Baidu in search scopes and speed.Acompete BequalCwin Dsuit答案与解析：B equal.in.“在方面与匹敌” 。句意：在我看来，在搜索范围和搜索速度方面，没有一个搜索引擎可与百度相匹敌。2order n秩序，次序，顺序；命令，定购，订单 vt.命令，定购，定制精讲拓

11、展：in order of 依的顺序排列out of order 不整齐in order 情况良好，整齐on order 订购中的by order of 奉的命令in order that.为了，目的在于in order to 为了(做某事)，以便(做某事)take orders 接受命令order sb. to do sth./order sth. to be done 命令某人去做某事order that.(should)动词原形 B11place an order订货，下订单误区警示：in/out of order，in order that./to do 短语中 order前用零冠词。

12、 朗文在线：Sunlight is needed in order for photosynthesis to take place.需要阳光来进行光合作用。Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.随后，他们依次点我们的名字，我们则回答到与否。On Stalins orders the target for the five year plan was raised once again.奉斯大林之命，五年计划的指标又一次提高了。命题方向：in order 与 out of order短语是重要考点。活学巧练：

13、(1) He listed the events _(按顺序) importance.(2) That young teacher cant keep _ (秩序) in her classroom.(3)Itll be quite _(适宜的) for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting.in order oforderin order(4)Theyre going to London _ (以便) they may see the queen.- 5 -(5)Its time we _ (叫) dinner.(6)The fath

14、er _ (命令) the son out of the house.in order thatorderedordered3resign vt.放弃，辞去；vi.辞职He resigned his position as chairman.他辞去了主席的职位。Two members resigned from the board in protest.董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。精讲拓展：not resign oneself to 不甘心resign.to.把托付给resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)resignation n辞职；辞职信；放弃；顺从词语辨析

15、：resign 与 retireresign 表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿或被“辞退” “辞去”了职务。(常与from连用)He resigned from his job as a guard for he wasnt interested in it.他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。retire 表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定“退休” ，并享受规定补助。He retired from the business when he was 60.他 60岁时退休了。活学巧练：He _ his post because he had been offered a better

16、 job.Aresigned BretiredCdismissed Dfired答案与解析：A 句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。resign“辞职” ；retire“退休” ；dismiss“免职，开除” ；fire“解雇” 。4contribution n贡献，稿件精讲拓展：contribute vt. to have been kidnapped10定语从句形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。(1)引导定语从句的关系

17、词关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，须用不同的关系词去代替它：This is the place where he works.(关系词作状语，in the place，要用 where)- 10 -这是他工作的地方。This is the place which we visited.(关系词作宾语，the place，要用 which)这是我们参观过的地方。在口语或非正式场合中，that 可代替关系副词：This is the place that(where) he works.有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或较短的谓语动词插入

18、定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致；先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式：Those who are going, come here.要去的人到这儿来。The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。关系代词或“介词关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：There

19、 is a room, the window of which faces the river.有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。(2)宜用 that而不用 which的情况先行词为 all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定式代词时：I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。先行词被形容词最高级或被 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时：It is the most important t

20、ask that should be finished soon.这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时：Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me.瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。先行词中既有人又有物时：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Its a book that will help you a lot.这是本对你很有帮助的书。My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.我的故乡现在已不再是过去的那个面貌了。(3)不宜用 that的情况关系代词前有介词时：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.这是鲁迅住过的房子。非限制性定语从句中：He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.