人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识点总结.doc

1、知识梦想未来 第 1 页 共 6 页课 题 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation？课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课授课日期及时段 2016 年 11 月 12 日 教 学 目 的 四会短语的掌握不定代词的用法单词与词组的解析重 难 点 短语的记忆方法学习教 学 内 容Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 一、书本重要语法点梳理go on vacation 去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆

2、 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few 相当多 study for 为而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得高兴 of course 当然 feel like 给的感觉；感受到go shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续 take photo

3、s 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget

4、 to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜 欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+ 从句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事have a good time 玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun知识梦想未来 第 2 页 共 6

5、页1. on vacation 度假 vacation 意 为“ 假期、假日” ，相当于 holiday，但 vacation 表示长的假期。如：the long vacation 长假 the summer vacation 暑假the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期而 holiday（尤其美国）指“假日；休息日；休假”。on vacation = on holiday 意为“度假”2. anything interesting 一些有趣的东西1）something，anything，nothing，everything 是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，a

6、nybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone 是指人的不定代词。somewhere ，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere 是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？4 something，somebody，someone，somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 anything，anybody，anyon

7、e，anywhere 用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事 吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）含 some-的一般用于肯定句，也用于表示请求邀请的疑问句或预计是肯定回答的疑问句。 I have something to ask you. 我有事情要 问你。Are you expecting someone this afternoon ? 今天下午你是不是等什么人？no one 与 none no one 只能指人 ,且不能与

8、of 搭配，no one 做主语时，只能是单数。none 为不定代词，意为 “什么也没有”，既可指人，也可指物，none 在句中不能单独作主语，但可同 of 连用带名词一起作主语,做主语时谓语用单复数都可。考例：They were all very tired, but _ of them took a rest.A. none B. all C. both D. either其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同 of 连用。 错：He is new here, so none knows him. 对：He is new here, so no one knows him.错：Nobody

9、 of them has been to England before.对：None of them has been to England before.3. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth如：My parents often buy some books for me. = My parents often buy me some books.我父母经常给我买书。4.提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Wh

10、y dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? 知识梦想未来 第 3 页 共 6 页Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?5. long time no see 好久不见6. quite a few 相当多a few 与 a little 的区 别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义如：He has

11、 a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。7. most of 的大多数 如：most of the time 大多数时间8. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。1）seem 意为 “好像；似乎；看来”，

12、是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to talk in class. 他们似乎上课说话。seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎 病了。It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似 乎病了。2） bored 作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人； 而 boring 也是形容词，其主语是某物。 如：My parents ask me to do home

13、work all day. I feel bored.我父母整天叫我做作业，我感到很厌倦。Doing homework all day is a little boring. 整天做作业有点无聊。相类似的词语还有：interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到惊奇的 surprising adj. 惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的excited 兴奋 的 exciting 令人兴奋/激 动的amazed 惊 讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的9. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 牢记： 相同

14、点：都是“到达 “的意思不同点：get to+地点/reach+地点arrive at+小地点（ 车站等）/arrive in+大地点（国家等）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词 here, there, home 等，则不需要加介词。arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地当我们用介词 at 时，通常把后面所接的地方看成一个点，而当用 in 时，则把后面所接地方看成是一个面（大范围的面）。所以 arrive at 后面一般接: station, airport, 知识梦想未来 第 4 页 共 6 页destination 等表示小范围的地点。例如：We arrived

15、at the Shanghai Railway Station at 11:00 pm last night.When we arrived at Wuhan Airport, its midnight.arrive in 后面一般接国家，大城市之类表示大范 围的地点。例如：When did you arrive in Beijing? It was the cold season when I arrived in Germany.10. enjoy doing sth . 喜 欢做乐意做 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy onesel

16、f 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得很愉快。跟它意思相近的词组还有 have a good great time , have (great) fun。11. decide 意为“ 决定”，是动词。它的名词形式 为 decision。构成的短语有：decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事决定不要做某事，要用 decide not to do sth.。如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已 经决定去北京。12. not

17、hing.but.意为“ 除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。13 . feel like 意为：“有什么感觉；感受到” ，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“ 想做某事”。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 I feel like eating.我想吃东西。14. because of , because：because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 如：I had to move because

18、of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。 because + 从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。15. below 意 为“ 在.下面 ”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上面”16. bring sth.to +地点，意为“ 带来”，其反义词是 take。如：Please bring your book to our school. 请把你的 书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school. 请把你的书带到你的学校去。17.enough 足够 形容词enough 如：beautiful

19、enough 足 够漂亮enough名词 如：enough food 足够食物enough to 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了。18. so that 如此以致于引导结果状语从句，so 后面接形容词、副词. that 后面跟从句。如：She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19. taste good 尝起来很好吃。taste 系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词

20、。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel （觉得） keep（保持） stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像）smell（闻起来）sound （听起来）taste（尝起来）系动词与形容词连用I feel sick。 我感到难受。 Keep quiet，please！ 请安静下来！The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聪明。知识梦想未来 第 5 页 共 6 页Jim looks like his father。 吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible. 这鱼闻起来坏了。That so

21、unds a good idea。 那听起来是个好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。20. I bought something for my parents, but nothing for myself. 反身代词的用法myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves词组：enjoy oneself, help oneself , learn by oneself 21. too many，too much，much too1）to

22、o many “太多”，后接可数名词复数。 |课 |标| 第 | 一| 网Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.2) too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.3) much too 太，修饰形容词和副词The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.too much, much too, 用法区别看后头：much 后接不可数, too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记

23、住，后面名词必复数。22. forget to do sth.和 forget doing sth.1) forget to do sth 忘记将要做的事Dont forget to close the window. 别忘了关窗户。2) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事I forget closing the window. 我忘记已经关上窗户了。23. stop doing sth.与 stop to do sth.1) stop to do sth. 停下手头的事去做另一件事I stopped to eat.我停下来开始吃东西。2) stop doing sth. 停止做某

24、事I stopped eating.我停止吃东西。语法重点：一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动词1）规则变化 直接加 ed, work-worked以 e 结尾直接加 d, live-lived辅音字母+y 结尾，把 y 变 I,加 ed, study-studied重读闭音节，以辅音字母结尾的，双写末尾辅音字母，加 ed, stop-stopped一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+ 谓语(动词过去式）+句子其他成分；主语 +was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间；肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他例

25、句：She often came to help us in those days.知识梦想未来 第 6 页 共 6 页否定形式：主语+didnt +谓语动词原型+其他was/were+not；在行为动词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词例句：I didnt know you like coffee.一般疑问句：Did+ 主语+ 谓语动词原型+其他？ Was/Were+ 主语+表语?例句：Did I do homework?常和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday，last night，in+ 过去的年份，two days ago，before，the age of，the day before yesterday 等。