人教版新目标八年级英语上册1-5单元知识点总结.doc

1、1新目标八年级英语上册第一单元Unit 1.How often do you exercise?I. 重点短语归纳：on weekends 在周末1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after=take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板watch TV看电视6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 keep + 形容词 表保持某种状态do some readin

2、g 阅读7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动10. the same as 与什么相同11. once a month一月一次12. be different from 不同13. twice a week一周两次.three times a week一周三次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响As teachers, you must believe that you can make a differenc

3、e to the lives of your students. 身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。15. how often 多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数16. although=though虽然 Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有 although

4、 或 though 就不可再用 but，但可用 yet 或 still“仍然，还”；有 because 就不能再用 so. 17. most of the students=most students大多数学生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查21. do homework做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for 对什么有益226. be bad for对什么有

5、害27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth 尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家31. of course=certainly=sure当然32. get good grades取得好成绩 33. some advice 一些建议some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议give advice 提出建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事

6、=help sb with sth35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜36. hardly= almost not几乎不 hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不37. keep/be in good health保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目39. Animal World 动物世界40. play soccer踢足球41.every day 每天every day 与 everyday1. every day 作状语，译为 “每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every

7、day.我们每天 7：10 去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？42.once or twice a week 每周一两次43. three or four times a week 每周三四次44. at Green High School 在格林高中45. all students

8、所有的学生46. most students 大多数学生47. some students 一些学生48. no students 没有学生49.the result of a survey 调查结果50.the result for “watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果51. improve your English 提高你的英语52. drink milk 喝牛奶53. pretty healthy 相当健康 pretty adv. 相当，非常Pretty（用作副词时） =rather=very=quite 非常，相当54. kind of = a little 有点3I think

9、Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。二. 重点句子：1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often + 助动词 do(does或 did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词 how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词 do(does或 did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a

10、week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？ 每星期两次。 “How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.” 2“What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个 do为助

11、动词 , 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。 ”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“

12、至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I dont want to go now.至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him. 5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00

13、and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做

14、某事6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示 “对 有益（有好处）”; 其反义为：be bad for.。（这里 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home fro

15、m school .9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里 pretty相当于 very 。10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而 try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.4你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy l

16、ifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里 better是 well的比较级，而不是 good的比较级13.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be

17、 different from 14. What sports do you play ? 15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less 是 little的比较级17. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+ 表语”结构的简单句。sound（

18、听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象）， grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。18. I think Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。 kind of = a little a kind of 一种三知识结构. 注意 sometimes 与几个

19、形似的词的区别。1(1) sometime是副词，意为 “在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week?(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。(3) some times是名词词组，意为 “几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。（4）sometimes 是频度副词，意为 “有时”He sometimes goes skateboardi

20、ng on weekends.他有时周末去滑滑板。time 意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。 意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词， 2What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上 times：three times、five times、one hundred times.5表示“ 几次” 的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a yearsam

21、e 与 different31.same 指“相同的 ”，前面通常要有一个定冠词 the，但是如果 same 前面已经有 this，those 等词，就不能再与 the 连用了。如：We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。结构：the same as 与.一样 如：His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。2.different 译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。结构：be different from 与.不同 如：This swe

22、ater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。different的名词形式为 difference, 复数形式为 differences。hard / hardly4hard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj. 辛苦的，困难的 adv. 努力，使劲地He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.Its a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力He works hard. 他努力工

23、作。句子结构：Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分：hard work 困难的工作work hard 努力工作hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。hardly: adv. 几乎不，简直不I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。It hardly rains here, does it?how often / how l

24、ong / how soon / how far5how often: “隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用 often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）How often do you go to the movies?Once a week. / I never go to the movies.how long: 1)“（延续）多长时间”，回答用 for时间段或 since时间点。（用于各种时态）；2) 询问物体的长度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learne

25、d English?I have learned it for 5 years.I have learned it since 5 years ago.how soon: “还要多久才，多久以后”，答语常用“in 时间段 ”。（用于一般将来时）6How soon will she come back?Shell come back in an hour.how far: “多远 ”，询问距离。Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?How far is it from your home to our school?Its 2

26、kilometers away.人教新目标八年级英语上册Unit 2 whats the matter?一重点短语归纳1. foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache 胃疼4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉咙疼6. have a fever发烧7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor

27、 看医生10.drink lots of water多喝水 11.lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache牙疼13. Thats a good idea好主意14. go to bed 去睡觉 g

28、o to bed early 早上床睡觉 15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well我感觉不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情DOING 是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago两天前18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样20. be thirsty口渴 21. be hungry 饥饿22. be stressed

29、 out紧张23. listen to music听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医726. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡28. for example例如29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛t

30、oo much + 不可数名词 太多的 much too +形 /副 实在太 极其，非常too many + 可数名词复数 太多的30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长be good(bad) for、be good at 的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.b

31、e good at 擅长于.Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：Im good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。31.get good grades 取得好成绩 32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某

32、人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气33.Chinese medicine 中药34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries在西方国家36.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 Its important to d

33、o sth . 做某事很重要。37.balanced diet平衡饮食38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired 39.go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health41.at the moment此时，此刻= now Im not feeling very well at the moment42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢

34、某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself8反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43. conversation practice会话练习44. host family 寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛Im tired and I have a lot of headac

35、hes. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46. a few + 可数名词复数 少许a little + 不可数名词 /形/副 一点47.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西. 48.give sb some advice给某人建议 give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠

36、八小时50.take medicine 吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构Its +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer. 找出

37、答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子1.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2.Thats too bad. You should / shouldnt 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / s

38、ee a doctor .He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西 . 3.Im not felling well . 这里 well表示身体状况，不能用 good代替I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来这里 better是 well的比较级6.Traditional Ch

39、inese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。99.People who are too stressed out and a

40、ngry may have too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而 too many后跟可数名词复数10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上12.I

41、 study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I dont think Im improving.我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。13believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话I believe him, but I cant believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为 dont /does

42、nt / didnt need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为 neednt(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化四知识结构.情态动词 should 的用法1should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为“应该.“。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have

43、a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。maybe 与 may be21.maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的 may为情态动词，译为 “可能是.” 。如：He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师too many,too much 与 much too31.t

44、oo many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。10few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系： 41.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，fe

45、w 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词， little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿

46、墨水吗？ notuntil 直到 (否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 5She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.人教新目标八年级英语上册Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? 一重点短语归纳1. go camping 去野营2. go shop

47、ping 去购物3. go skateboarding 去滑滑板4. go swimming 去游泳5. go boating 去划船6. go skating 去滑冰7. go hiking (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行/远足8. go climbing 去登山9. go fishing 去钓鱼10. go bike riding / cycling 骑自行车旅行11. go sightseeing 去观光12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜访我的祖母/堂兄弟/香港的朋友13. spend time with friends 和朋友度过14. babysit her sister 照顾她的妹妹15. relax at home 在家休息16. go to sports camp 去运动野营17. go to the beach 去沙滩18. take a vacation 去度假19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一个星期20. go away 离开，走开It made me sad to hear you have to go away.听到你非走不可，我觉得很伤心21. (for) too long 太久22. how long 多长（时间）