仁爱英语八年级上册U1-U2复习笔记.doc

1、1U1T1SA1.Are you going to play basketball? （Be going to+动词原形，这一结构表示打算或准备某事。 ）我打算今晚做家庭作业。I am going to do my homework this evening.2.I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.see sb. do sth. 意为“ 看见某人做某事 ”。表示看见事件、行动全过程，动作已结束。see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”。强调动作、动作正在进行。如：他看见她

2、穿过了马路。He saw her cross the road.如：昨天这时候我看见她在跳舞。I saw her dancing at this time yesterday.感官动词的用法常见的感官动词有：see, watch, hear, smell(嗅觉), feel 等。后可接动词 ing 形式，表此动作正在发生。后可接动词原形，不表此动作正在发生, 表此动作已完成或存在的事实。during 与 for 的区别during 强调时间再什么时间发生；for 用于描述动作或状态延续的时间。我在伦敦待了一周。I stayed in London for a week.3.Would you

3、like + 不定式？ （1）Would you like + 不定式？ 表建议或邀请。常用 Id love to 来回答，不同意也常用 “Id love to, but ”来拒绝别人。 Would you like to play basketball with me ?- Id love to, but I have a lot of homework to do.（2）在肯定句中 would like= want 如：Id like to have a rest. = I want to have a rest. 4.hope 用法 hope + that 从句，that 可省去。我希望

4、能很快见到你。I hope （that ） I can see you soon. hope to do sth.希望做某事我希望能很快见到你。I hope to see you soon.wish 与 hope 的区别(1)wish（愿）与 hope 的用法一样，后既可以接从句也可以接不定式，但 hope 后不接双宾语, 而 wish 可以), 如：I hope you to help me. （错）I wish you to help me. （对）I hope that you can help me.（对）(2)hope 后接的从句常用将来时态表可以实现的愿望，而 wish 后接的宾语

5、从句常用过去时态表难以实现的愿望，如：I hope you will come. I wish I could fly to the moon.总结 wish 与 hopehope that hope to do sth.wish that wish to do sth. wish sb. to do sth.5.prefer 用法(1)prefer(过去式过去分词需双写 preferred) ;表更喜欢 , 相当于 likebetter后可+动词 ing 形式（表经常性动作） 后也可+动词不定式（表具体某一次动作）I prefer swimming （我更喜欢经常游泳） I prefer t

6、o swim.（我更喜欢这一次去游泳）(2)prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 相当于：like better than如：比起苹果我更喜欢香蕉。I prefer bananas to apples.如：比起溜冰我更喜欢游泳。I prefer swimming to skating. =I like swimming better than skating.(3) prefer to 与 rather than /instead of 连用，如：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. =He preferred to di

7、e instead of stealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。6.quite a bit/ a lot 许多，大量quite a bit of 后接不可数名词 ,如：quite a bit of money。quite a lot of 后既可接可数名词复数也可以接不可数名词,如：quite a lot of books/ information 。quite a few=many 表“相当多”后接可数名词复数，如：quite a few studentsquite a little =much 表许多，后接不可数名词，如 ; quite a little money very few / l

8、ittle 很少很少。 few, a few, little, a little 表示“少”，（1）few, a few 是可数的(修饰可数名词） little, a little 是不可数的(修饰不可数名词） （2）a few, a little 含肯定意味，few, little 含否定意味如何理解“ 肯定意味” 和 “否定意味” ？例如同样是半杯水，口渴者会认为： There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为：There is a little water in the glass. 7. join, take part in 和 join

9、 in “参加” join 多指加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。join 后也可接人，表示和某人一起参加某活动。如：他于一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党。He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year. 如：跟我们一起来，好吗？ Will you join us? take part in 多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争,如 movement, revolution, meeting, conference, conversation, war 等，含有以主人翁的态度加入其中

10、并发挥一定作用的意思。如：在四十年代初，他参加了学生运动。 He took part in the studentsmovement in the early forties. join in sth. / doing sth.意为“ 参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或 V-ing。而 Join sb. in doing sth. 表加入某人的活动。如： He joined in the game ; He joined in helping the old man. Will you join us in playing basketball ? 8.There b

11、e 句型 与 Have 区别2 There be 句型：表某地有某物. 而 Have 表示某人有 (1)There is/ are.表现在某地有某物，is/are 取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数，单数用 is 复数用are。 如：There is a pen and two rulers on the desk. There are two rulers and a pen(2) There was/were表过去某地有某物。was/were 的用法也遵循就近原则。(3)There will be 或 There is/are going to be 表某地将有某事物。不能说成 There w

12、ill haveU1T1SB1.play 的用法play for 为某个队效力；play against 与某个队比赛；play with 玩某物/与某人玩； 如：Look, the baby is playing with a basketball （玩弄一个篮球) 2.What are you going to be when you grow up ?= what do you want to be ?你长大想干什么？此句为 be going to 表示一般将来时的特殊疑问句式。结构：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 ？grow 用法grow

13、表示“种植”为及物动词 vt.; 而 grow 表示“生长” 为不及物动词 vi. 我在花园里种了一些蔬菜。I grew some vegetables in the garden.当我长大后，我想去深圳工作。When I grow up , I want to work in Shenzhen.及物动词与不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词，即 vt. 及物动词后一般必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 。 （直接跟宾语） 。2.不及物动词，即 vi. 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如 to

14、, of ,at 后方可跟上宾语 。宾语（动作的对象）：是名词或代词，或相当于名词的词或短语（如动名词） 。 举例子(1)see (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.(2)look (vi.) (即不能直接加宾语). Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副词，不是名词，故不作宾语) (3)look at +宾语 Look at me carefully! (me 是代词，作宾语了 ) 3.one of 表示“ 当中的一个”，后接可数名词的复数，如：one of my friends作主语时，谓语动词用单数。我一个最好的朋友住在北京。One of my

15、friends lives in Beijing.4.break “打破，弄坏”过去式-broke 过去分词- brokenbreak the record 打破纪录 keep the record 保持纪录record 的用法n.名词。 【rek:d】 【 rekd 】记录,记载,唱片 She holds the world record for long distance swimming. adj.形容词。空前的,创纪录的The project was completed in record time. 工程在从未有过的短时间内完成了。 v. 动词【rik:d】 记录, 显示, (将声音

16、等) 录下I recorded the score in a notebook. 我在笔记本上记下了分数。 The broadcast was recorded, not live. 这次广播是事先录音的，不是现场直播。5.winwin a gold medal 赢得一枚金牌; win a prize 赢得奖品; win the first place 赢得第一名6.感叹句 What a shame != What a pity 多么遗憾！类似的有：What fun ! 多么有趣！7.women table tennis players名词作定语修饰名词时，一般用单数形式，如：two book

17、 shops, two shoe shops, 但man，woman，sports 修饰可数名词复数时，常用复数形式，如：two men teachers; sports meet 8.how 构成的疑问词 how tall(身高 )多高; how high(山)多高；how heavy 多重；how long 多长；How wide 多宽；how deep 多深；how old 多大对应的回答常用“ 数词+量词+形容词”如：1.70 meters tall; 2 kilometers high; 3 kilos heavy; 20 years oldU1T1SC1.the 2004 Athe

18、ns Olympics 2004 年雅典奥运会 the Olympics =the Olympic Games2.once a week, 一周一次 twice a week 一周两次, 三次或三次以上用“数字+times”如：three times a year, four times a day, five times a week,. 3.go + v-ing 形式的短语表“去做某事”如：go hiking 去徒步旅行，go shopping 去购物， go skating 去滑冰，go skiing 去滑雪, go fishing 去钓鱼。4.She spends half an ho

19、ur doing exercise. spend 的主语通常是人，一般句型为：（sb.） spend some money / time on sth.（sb.） spend some money / time (in ) doing sth.如：我花 50 元买了这件大衣。I spent fifty yuan on the coat. / I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.spend, take, cost, pay 表“花费”3我们可以将其异同从以下四个方面进行分析 ：一：主语；二：内容；三：搭配；四：过去式 其一：主语 主语为“人”的是 sp

20、end 和 pay；主语为“物”的是 take 和 cost。其中，take 的主语常常是 it。其二：内容花“时间”的是 spend 和 take；花“钱” 的是 spend, cost 和 pay。其三：搭配spend 后面的介词是 on，若跟动词则用(in) doing，前面的 in 常常省略。sb.+spend+ some time/money+(in) doing sth 某人花了时间/ 钱做某事sb. +spend +some time / money + on sth 某人在上面花了时间/ 钱如：我做这项工作用了 3 天。He spent three days on the wo

21、rk.= He spent three days (in) doing the work.take 后面的动词形式为 to do；句型为：it + takes + sb. +some time+ to do sth.某人做某事花了时间如：我每天步行上学花费我半个小时。 It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day.cost 后面跟双宾语，或直接跟钱的数目；sth. + cost + sb. + some + money 某物花了某人 钱 The ticket costs me 300 yuan.sth. + cost + some +

22、 money 某物值钱 This bag costs 50 yuan.pay 后面常跟介词 for ;sb .+ pay +money + for sth. 某人花了钱买某物sb. + pay for sth. 某人为 付钱/赔钱如：我花 50 元买了这件大衣。I paid 50 yuan for the coat.如：这些书我现在不能付款。 I cant pay for the books now. 其四：过去式 四个动词过去式都不规则 动词 spend take cost pay主语 人 it / 事情 物 人花 /值 钱 /时间 时间 钱 钱过去式 spent took cost pai

23、d5.doing exercise in the gym every day.当 exercise 指“体操、练习”时，可数名词，如：do morning exercises 做早操；exercise 指“锻炼，运动”时，不可数名词，如：do exercise 做运动。exercise 还可作动词，指“锻炼，运动”。如：She exercises every morning. 6.She plays it pretty well.pretty well= very well 相当好 pretty 在这里是副词，与形容词或副词连用，表“颇，相当”。如：Lucy looks pretty tire

24、d.pretty 也能做形容词，表“ 漂亮的”尤指年轻女性。如：You look so pretty in this dress.7.She is also good at jumping.be good at= do well in擅长 如：I am good at English.= I do well in English.反义词为：be bad at= do badly in 不擅长.be good for 对有益，Running is good for your health.反义词为：be bad for 对 有害be good/bad to sb. 对某人好 /不好 8.Ther

25、e is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.there be 句型用在将来时中,其结构为:there is /are going to be 或 there will be 如:这周末将会有一场足球赛。There is going to be a soccer game this weekend.9.They are sure that she will win.be sure +(that) 从句，表 “确信” 如：Im sure (that) eating too much is bad for you.be sure to do

26、sth.确信做某事 We are sure to win next time. be sure of/about (doing)sth. 表确信(做)某事10.How often does she go cycling ?How often 问多久一次，频率。常用 sometimes, seldom, twice a year 等回答。How long 问多久。常用“ （For ）一段时间” 来回答 How soon 问多快（时间）用于将来时态。常用“In an hour 在一小时内等” 来回答。 如：How soon will you come back? -In a week.与 how

27、搭配的疑问词有： How many 多少（接可数名词复数形式） How much 多少（接不可数名词）How old 问年龄 How tall 多高（人、树）How high 多高（山、楼） How far 问距离 How long 还可以问物体的长度（1） is it from your home to your school？ -Its two kilometers away.(2) is the room？- Its two meters wide.(3) is the tree？ -Its three meters high.11. Because it makes me strong

28、 and it is popular all over the world.（1）make, let , have 当表“ 使，让”时是使役动词，后接动词原形。如：make me cry .make 后接形容词（make/keep +sb. /sth.+adj. “某人/ 某物保持”） 如:make me strong.make 后接名词 如：make him our monitor . (2) be /become popular (with sb.)受欢迎的周杰伦很受年轻人欢迎。Jay Chou is very popular with young people.(3) a good wa

29、y to keep fit way 指“ 方法,途径”;way 还可以指 “道路,路线”; the way to +地点 表“ 通向某地的路”。你能告诉我去中山公园的路吗? Can you tell me the way to the Zhongshan Park?12.keep healthy = keep fit 保持健康 healthy=fit 都是形容词 health 是名词4U1T1SD1.表示“到达” arrive at + (小地名)； arrive in +（大地名）He arrived at the bus station early this morning.He arri

30、ved in HK yesterday. get to reach 注意：arrive 或 get 后接地方副词，后面没有介词。如：I arrived/ got home very late last night.2.excited 与 exciting 的区别（1）excited 表“感到激动的、兴奋的”，常作表语，主语常为人。如：We are excited. 类似的有：interested 有趣的; tired 感到疲劳的; bored 感到厌烦的（2）exciting 表“ 令人激动兴奋的 ”既可作定语，也可作表语；作表语时，主语常为事物。如：an interesting book;

31、The book is interesting.类似的有：interesting 令人有趣的 ; tiring 令人感到疲劳的; boring 令人感到厌烦的3.Its too bad that they arent going to stay in Beijing for long.主语是斜体 that 从句部分，前用 it 来代替它。因此这是一个含主语从句的复合句。Its too bad that= Its a pity that= Its a shame that很遗憾表示“位置移动”的词 ：go，come，leave, arrive, fly 可用现在进行时态表将来。如：They ar

32、e flying to Wuhan tomorrow. (表将飞往武汉而不是正去武汉) 4.They are leaving for Japan.= They will leave for Japan.leave 与 leave forLeave 指离开某地；如： I am leaving Guangzhou next month.Leave for 指（从此地离开）去某地。For 接地点名词，指要去的地方。我明天将（离开这里）去北京。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.Leave for表示 “离开某地去某地”。I am leaving Beijing for

33、 Shanghai. 我将离开北京去上海。U1T2SA1.Could 表示委婉地请求对方做某事。Could you please = Would you please 意为“请你 好吗？” 后接动词原形。否定式：could you please not do sth. ? 如： Could you please not stand at the door?2.do sb. a favor 是正式的请求, =help sb.或 give sb. a hand. “帮某人的忙”3.But one of my teammates fell ill.(1)One of +可数名词复数，表“. 中之一”

34、 当它作主语时，是单数第三人称。如：One of my friends likes playing computer games 类似的短语有：some of 中的一些 most of中的大多数; (2) fall ill “生病”（强调动作，由健康到生病） ；fall 的过去式：fellbe ill “病了”（强调状态） feel ill “感觉不舒服 ”（强调身体感受）工作不要太辛苦了，否则你会生病。Dont work too hard, or you will fall ill.她正病着。She is ill now.你现在觉得不舒服吗？Are you feeling ill?4.Wou

35、ld you mind (not)doing sth. 你介意(别)做某事吗？Would you mind not throwing bottles around?(在此为副词,意为“四处,到处“)回答去做的有：Not at all / Of course not / Certainly not 回答不去做的有:Sorry，I wont . / Yes, please dont./ Youd better not. mind 的用法（1）mind + 名词/代词 + 动名词(常用物主代词 my, her, his, our 等，少用代词宾格 me, he, us )如：Do you mind

36、my brothers coming with us?如：Would you mind my/me smoking?（2） Would /Do you mind doing sth. = Would /Do you mind + if 从句如： 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？Would /Do you mind my smoking here?= Would /Do you mind if I smoke here?5.Lets go and practice. (practice 美式英语； practise 英式英语)practice+名词/动词 ing，表练习/ 做如：We often prac

37、tice English. Lets practice dancing.6.Sorry, Ill put it somewhere else.somewhere else 别的某个地方 somewhere 是不定副词，else 是形容词。形容词修饰不定副词、不定代词时，常放在其后。如：something sweet 甜食； Anything else ？还有别的吗？ Nothing serious 不严重7.否定祈使句 Dont be late next time. - Sorry, I wont be late 迟到，如：You are late again. be late for做迟到

38、如:He was late for school.回答否定祈使句常用：Sorry，I wont. 如：Dont shout at me ! - Sorry, I wont.回答肯定祈使句常用：OK，I will. 如：Please study hard. - OK, I will.8.Ill play it more quietly. (more quietly 是 quietly 的比较级)类似的有：more beautifully 更美地; more carefully 更小心地，更认真地; more heavily 更重地9.Thats very kind of you.It is形容词

39、of sb.to do sth.5of 的形容词用来描述某人的，可转换成： Sb.be形容词to do sth. It is right of you to do more reading. = You are right to do more reading. (right 用来描述 you )It is形容词for sb.to do sth.for 的形容词用来描述做某事的，可转换成：To do sth. is形容词。如：It is easy for you to finish the work. = To finish the work is easy for you.10.I can

40、manage it myselfmanage 作“管理，处理”时，manage sb./sth. 如：She managed the hotel well.manage to do sth.设法做成某事（结果能成功）try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 （结果未必能成功）I managed to get to the airport.我设法赶到机场。 （赶到了）I tried to get to the airport.我想尽赶到机场。 （但未能如愿）U1T2SB1.You missed a good chance.（错过一个好机会）miss 意为”思念，错过” 如：I miss my

41、mother very much. She missed the early bus.chance “机会” by chance “偶然地”如：我碰巧在街上遇到她。I met her on the street by chance.2.What do you mean by saying that?What do you mean by?=What does mean?=Whats the meaning of ?“是什么意思？”如：这个单词是什么意思？What do you mean by this word?3.You shouldnt shout at me. shout at sb.

42、冲某人（生气地）喊叫Be angry with sb. 生某人的气 ； Be angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气Be angry with sb. for doing sth.如：李老师因他上学迟到而生气。Miss Lee was angry with him for coming late to school.4.He did his best .他尽力了。1) do ones best=try ones best 尽某人最大努力2)do ones best to do sth.=try ones best to do sth. 某人尽力去干某事 We will do/

43、try our best to study English well.5. say hello/sorry/thanks/goodbye to sb.向某人问候/ 道歉/道谢/ 道别6.I am very sorry for what I said.for 后面的 what I said（我所说的）是一个宾语从句。类似的有：what I saw (我所见的)，what I thought about(我所考虑的)be sorry for sth. 为某事抱歉。 （后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词 ）Be sorry to do sth. 抱歉去做某事。Im sorry for troubling

44、 you.= Im sorry to trouble you.7.Keep trying！Keep doing sth. 坚持做某事；keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直干某事； 如：你不应该让我等那么久。You shouldnt keep me waiting so long.keep on doing sth. = go on doing sth. 继续做某事8.We are sure to win next time. be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事（表将来）如：肯定要下雨。its sure to rain. be sure +(that)从句 如： W

45、e are sure that they will win next time. be sure about/of sth. 对某事确信如：我对这个答案有把握。Im sure about/of the answer.be sure to do sth. 与 be sure +(that)从句都表示“确信”如果 sure 后面的主语和前面的主语是一致用 be sure to do sth.如果 sure 后面的主语和前面的主语是不一致用 be sure +(that)从句。We are sure to win next time. We are sure that they will win n

46、ext time.9.have a fight (with )sb.（和某人）打了一架 ；此处 fight 为名词“打架”=fight with sb. 与打架； 此处 fight 为动词“打架” 其过去式为 fought如:He had a fight with a boy.= He fought with a boy.10.With the help of Maria and Jane, Kangkang said sorry to Micheal.With the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下With the help of Maria and

47、 Jane,= With Maria and Janes help,.11.Itll be ready soon.be / get ready for sth.= be / get ready to do sth. 准备好做某事如：你为旅行做好准备了吗？Are you ready for the trip?如：他还没有准备好离开。He didnt get ready to leave.12.(1) turn on 打开（电器、龙头等） ; turn off 关;(2) turn up 调大音量； turn down 调小音量13.I have another one.another 可作限定词， （接单数可数名词）表示“又一个，再一个 ”；如:Can I have another cup of tea?another 可作代词， （不接名词） ；如:-These sandwiches are delicious. -Would you like another?another + 数字+名词复数 “再”；如：I need anoth