AWA Topic Pool.doc

1、1GMAT Issue Topic Pool1. “In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.”2. “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve

2、 energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the worlds energy resources for future generations.”3. “Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience a

3、nd expertise. A flat organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”4. “Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most.” *manifestations: apparent signs or indicators5. “All groups and organizations sh

4、ould function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”6. “There is only one definition of successto be able to spend your life in your own

5、 way.”7. “The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”8. “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developmen

6、ts in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”9. “The primary responsibility of citizens is to obey their nations civil and criminal laws.”10. “Employees should keep their priva

7、te lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”11. “In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.”12. “When someone achieves greatness in any fieldsuch as the arts, science, politics, or businessthat per

8、sons achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”13. “Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”14. “Re

9、sponsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”15. “Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the w

10、ork. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless.”16. “Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit childrens access to adult material on the Internet.”*The Internet is a worldwide computer network.17. “Public buildings reveal much a

11、bout the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Todays new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of todays society.”18. “Some people believe that the best approach to effective time management is to make detailed daily and long-te

12、rm plans and then to adhere to them. However, this highly structured approach to work is counterproductive. Time management needs to be flexible so that employees can respond to unexpected problems as they arise.”19. “If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict i

13、s inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.” 20. “Some employers who recruit recent college graduates for entry-level jobs evaluate applicants only on their performance in business courses such as accounting, marketing, and economics. However, other employers als

14、o expect applicants to have a broad background in such courses as history, literature, and philosophy.”21. “In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives.” 222. “Job security and salary sho

15、uld be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”23. “Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to prod

16、uce anything of value, government must place no restrictions on the art that is produced.”24. “Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values.” 25. “A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a commun

17、ity or a nation than does any government official.”26. “The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.” 27. “Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a businesss success. T

18、he importance of location is not likely to change, no matter how advanced the development of computer communications and others kinds of technology becomes.” 28. “A companys long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the companys employees.” 29. “Be

19、cause businesses use high-quality advertising to sell low-quality products, schools should give students extensive training in how to make informed decisions before making purchases.” 30. “Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task

20、 at hand and not to worry about results.” 31. “Companies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without producing something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they return to work.” 32. “Finan

21、cial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.” 33. “You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.” 34. “People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.” 35. “All

22、 citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.” 36. “Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short-sighted motives. We are so concerned with

23、 immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them.” 37. “Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.”

24、 38. “Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.” 39. “Courtesy is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a result, we are all t

25、he poorer for it.” 40. “It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.” 41. “With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the w

26、orld is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.” 42. “The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penaltieswhether fines, imprisonment, or other punishmentson those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it.” 43. “Scientists are con

27、tinually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to each new recommendation until those recommendations become government regulations.” 44. “Although

28、most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone.”45. “The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge

29、of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today.” 346. “All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service.” 47. “The most effective way

30、for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”48. “Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”49. “The primary respons

31、ibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to government, not to individuals or private industry.” 50. “In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work ha

32、bits, which are more difficult to judge.”51. “Ask most older people to identify the key to success, and they are likely to reply hard work. Yet, I would tell people starting off in a career that work in itself is not the key. In fact, you have to approach work cautiouslytoo much or too little can be

33、 self-defeating.” 52. “How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should

34、 a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?” 53. “The presence of a competitor is always beneficial to a company. Competition forces a company to change itself in ways that improve its practices.” 54. “Successful individuals typically set their next goal somewhatbut

35、not too muchabove their last achievement. In this way, they steadily raise their level of aspiration.” 55. “The term user friendly is usually applied to the trouble-free way that computer software moves people from screen to screen, function to function. However, the term can also refer to a governm

36、ent office, a library, public transportation, or anything designed to provide information or services in an easy, friendly way. Just as all societies have many striking examples of user-friendly services, so do they abound in examples of user-unfriendly systems.” 56. “Popular entertainment is overly

37、 influenced by commercial interests. Superficiality, obscenity, and violence characterize films and television today because those qualities are commercially successful.” 57. “Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity.” 58. “The secret

38、of business is to know something that nobody else knows.” 59. “Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one anothers differences.” 60. “What is the final objective of business? It is to make the obtaining of a livingthe obtaining of food, c

39、lothing, shelter, and a minimum of luxuriesso mechanical and so little time-consuming that people shall have time for other things.” A business leader, circa 193061. “Juvenile crime is a serious social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it.”62. “Employers should

40、have no right to obtain information about their employees health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees permission.” 63. “Even at its best, a government is a tremendous burden to business, though a necessary one.” 64. “What education fails to teach us is to see the human comm

41、unity as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth.”65. “As government bureaucracy increases, citizens become more and more separated from their government.”66. “Lying should

42、 be avoided primarily because it harms peoples ability to live together in society.” 67. “The goal of business should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concern itself with the well-being of the public.” 68. “The rise of multinational corporations is leading to

43、 global homogeneity.* Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing.” * homogeneity: sameness, similarity 469. “Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for w

44、hatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury.” 70. “Work greatly influences peoples personal livestheir special interests, their leisure activities, even their appearance away from the workplace.” 71. “Since the physical work environment affects

45、employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.” 72. “The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees.” 73. “So long a

46、s no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new products.” 74. “Commercialism has become too widespread. It has even crept into schools and places of worship. Every nation should place limits on what kinds of products

47、, if any, can be sold at certain events or places.” 75. “Companies should not try to improve employees performance by giving incentivesfor example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.” 76. “People of

48、ten give the following advice: “Be yourself. Follow your instincts and behave in a way that feels natural.”77. “The people we remember best are the ones who broke the rules.” 78. “There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.” 79. “For a leader there is nothing more

49、difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisions.”80. “Although genius is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes of thought and create new ones.” 81. “Each generations cultural achievementssuch as those in music, art, or literaturerepresent improvements on the cultural achievements of previous generations.”82. “Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any societys past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern