1、提 要,IGT是血糖异常中值得关注的人群心血管疾病的血糖管理宜从IGT开始ACE冠心病高血糖管理的新时代,糖尿病心血管病并发症*,Each year 3.8 million deaths worldwide are attributable to diabetesDiabetes is associated with complications such as: Diabetic neuropathy Renal failureBlindnessMacrovascular diseaseMacrovascular complications are a major cause of death
2、 in people with diabetes,* Diabetes Atlas, 3rd edition, International Diabetes Federation, 2006,Shaw JE, et al. Diabetologia 42:1050,1999;Resnick HE, et al. Diabetes Care 23:176,2000Barrett-Conner E, et al. Diabetes Care 21:1236,1998;Genuth S ,et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3160-7.,高血糖的诊断,FPG (mm
3、ol/L),OGTT 2小时血糖 (mmol/L),7.0,7.8 11.1,I-IGT,6.1,正常血糖,糖尿病,中国糖尿病患病率增长迅速,Peoples Republic of China,Prediabetes2003 33 million (4%)2025 54 million (5%),Diabetes2003 23 million (3%)2025 46 million (4%),Sicree, Shaw, Zimmet. Diabetes Atlas. IDF. idf.org.2006,Prediabetes is defined by elevated blood gluco
4、se levels below those used to diagnose diabetesElevated post OGTT levels IGT (7.811.0 mm/L)Elevated fasting levels IFG (5.6/6.06.9 mm/L),5,中国糖尿病患病率逐年增长,中国糖尿病防治指南,中国糖尿病流行病学调查结果(患病率),冠心病患者中大量合并IGT,European Heart Journal (2004) 25, 18801890,欧洲心脏调查,中国心脏调查,Da-Yi Hu, et al. European Heart Journal 2006;27:
5、2573-2579.,IGT与动脉粥样硬化,N: 97(NGT), 51(IGT), 73(DM)校正年龄和性别* P0.05, P0.005, v.s. NGT,Jing WS, Pan Cy,Lu Jm et al.Chin J Endocrinol 20(2):136-139,301医院的研究,Da Qing IGT intervention Study 577 IGT 519 Control 4% IGT 0.4% NGT,The appearance of ECG consistent with CHD,IGT and the risk of CVD,Diabetes Care 19
6、93:16.150-156,Angiographic coronary disease progression as measured by change in minimum coronary luminal diameter. Data from Mellen et al. Diabet Med 24:1156-1159, 2007.,Relationship between of Coronary Lumen Diameter and 2-hour Glucose,10,提要,IGT是血糖异常中值得关注的人群心血管疾病的血糖管理宜从IGT开始ACE冠心病高血糖管理的新时代,血糖干预与心血
7、管收益之间的困惑,ACCORD (N=10251),血糖干预与心血管收益的重要临床研究,UGDP (N=600),1970,UKPDS (N=5012),1998,PROactive(N=5238),2005,1970,1990,2000,2010,RECORD (N=5447),2007,ADVANCE (N=11140),VADT (N=1791),2008,SU, metformin,insulin,Pioglitazone,Rosiglitazone,不同研究基线情况,ACCORD研究,ACCORD 研究是NIH一项大型的临床试验研究目的:评估强化血糖控制、调脂(升高HDL,降低LDL
8、)以及强化血压控制对心血管事件的影响共纳入10,251例高危中老年2型糖尿病患者强化血糖治疗组的治疗目标是将HbA1c控制在6.0%以下,标准治疗组为将HbA1c控制在7.0%-7.9%之间随访6年,15,控制糖尿病心血管的行动Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes,ADVANCE研究,11140例2型糖尿病患者,患者平均年龄66岁,平均病程8年,平均HbA1c水平7.5%强化降糖治疗组(HbA1c靶目标值6.5%)或标准治疗组(HbA1c靶目标值根据当地指南制定) 主要终点事件为主要大血管事件(非致死性心肌梗死,非致死性脑卒中或心血
9、管相关死亡)的复合终点,以及主要微血管事件的独立及联合评估。,ADVANCE研究未见强化血糖控制显著减少大血管事件,New Eng J Med 2008;358(24):2560-2572,ADVANCE研究未见强化血糖控制显著降低全因死亡率,New Eng J Med 2008;358(24):2560-2572,VADT 研究,N=1791,强化治疗(A1c 目标: 6%),常规治疗(A1c 目标: 8% - 9%),未控制的2型糖尿病格列美脲或二甲双胍罗格列酮,主要终点:心血管事件减少 (随访时间: 5-7 年),20,VADT研究:心血管事件发生风险比随病程延长显著增高,VADT研究中
10、强化组糖尿病病程与心血管事件风险比关系,VADT 研究强化血糖控制未能减少心血管事件,UKPDS随访,1997# in survivor cohort,2002,2007# with final year data,2,118磺脲类/胰岛素,Clinic,Questionaire,1,010磺脲类/胰岛素,880常规治疗,Clinic,Questionaire,379常规治疗,279二甲双胍,Clinic,Questionaire,136二甲双胍,Mean age 62 8 years,Mortality 44%(1,852)Lost-to-follow-up 3.5%(146),UKPDS
11、80. N Eng J Med 2008; 359.,UKPDS研究中患者HbA1c变化情况,UKPDS results presented,UKPDS results presented,早期血糖控制带来长久收益Legacy Effect of Earlier Glucose Control,After median 8.5 years post-trial follow-up,RRR=Relative Risk Reduction P=log Rank,25,Despite an early loss of glycemic differences, a continued reducti
12、on in microvascular risk and emergent risk reductions for myocardial infarction and death from any cause were observed during 10 years of post-trial follow-up,UKPDS随访研究的结论,IGT阶段大血管病变就已经开始,Janka HU. Fortschr Med 1992;110:63741.,Dysglycemia + Time = ComplicationEarly detection + Long-term safety inter
13、vention = Benefits to comlications,Readout,大庆研究20年随访结果糖尿病累积发病率:干预组对照组,Lancet. 2008 May 24;371(9626):1783-9.,P 11.1 or 7.8 mmol/L: acarbose vs placebo,以单次OGTT阳性为准,阿卡波糖/二甲双胍与饮食控制延缓IGT人群2型糖尿病发病风险,43%,87.8%,76.8%,中国内分泌代谢杂志, 2001, 17(3): 131-4.,阿卡波糖组为50 mg 每日3 次,二甲双胍组为0. 25 g 每日3 次,阿卡波糖降低IGT人群和2型糖尿病患者的心血
14、管事件发生率,学术组织共识:生活方式干预不够时应行药物干预,IDF2型糖尿病预防共识:当单独采取生活方式干预无法达到预期体重和血糖控制目标时,应采取药物干预措施。,美国临床内分泌医师协会糖尿病及代谢紊乱专家组糖尿病前期综合治疗指南 :强调双重干预策略,即对所有患者进行生活方式干预,对高危糖尿病前期患者进行药物干预。,提要,IGT是血糖异常中值得关注的人群心血管疾病的血糖管理宜从IGT开始ACE冠心病高血糖管理的新时代,35,阿卡波糖心血管评估试验 (Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation),设计随机、双盲、多中心、前瞻性心血管干预研究研究对象:150个心血管研究中
15、心入选7500例糖耐量受损(IGT)伴已诊断CHD,包括近期急性冠脉综合症(ACS)的患者随访至少4年目的进一步评估阿卡波糖治疗对明确的心血管疾病合并IGT患者未来心血管事件风险的影响,ACE为何选择阿卡波糖?,唯一在全球多个国家拥有IGT适应症的口服降糖药于2002年8月6日首先在中国被批准,现在已经在全球26个国家被批准拥有在IGT阶段可预防2型糖尿病及心血管事件的证据与其它口服降糖药相比,具有更加出色的安全性,适宜作为预防用药长期服用,试验设计流程,随机化后直至下列任一事件首次发生的时间:心血管死亡复苏的心脏停搏非致死性心梗致死性或非致死性卒中,主要终点指标,小 结,糖尿病是我国严重的熳
16、性病,其中致死,致残于心血管疾病糖尿病与心血管疾病的关联很大程度在IGT 即开始起动,IGT在心血管疾病患者普遍存在,并且是血糖干预最佳时机生活方式干预显示有效,然而药物在实际中作为长时期干预更为可行药物可作为干预糖尿病前期的手段已成为国际学术组织共识ACE研究,将进一步验证心血管疾病患者早期血糖管理的临床收益,40,结论,IGT might be Optimal Time for Intervention of Diabetes and CVD Prevention,Although cost will remain an important factor in determining pr
17、evention of DM and CVD, early detection and intervention of Prediabetes (lifestyle modification and pharmacological intervention) is ultimately much less expensive than treating the complications of diabetes.Early Diagnosis of IGT is essential,Thanks!,小 结,高血糖的危害可能具有“代谢记忆效应”,因此需早期干预方能获得心血管收益IGT在心血管疾病
18、患者普遍存在,并且是血糖干预最佳时机药物可作为干预糖尿病前期的手段已成为国际学术组织共识ACE研究,将进一步验证心血管疾病患者早期血糖管理的临床收益,强化血糖控制组死亡率显著增加,降压治疗获益消失,The benefits of previously improved blood-pressure control were not sustained when between-group differences in blood pressure were lost. Early blood-glucose control bring a long-term cardiovascular be
19、nefits.,糖尿病早期不良血糖控制累积“记忆效应”,并发症的推动力量,建立代谢记忆效应,中国IGT患病人数位居全球首位,Sicree, Shaw, Zimmet. Diabetes Atlas. IDF idf.org.2006,乌克兰巴基斯坦孟加拉国巴西美国日本印度尼西亚俄罗斯印度中国,全世界IGT的患病率不断攀升,Sicree, Shaw, Zimmet. Diabetes Atlas. IDF idf.org.2006,%,143.2,Growing prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes in China,National Diabetes
20、Research Group. Chin J Int Med 20:678,1981Pan XR, et al. Diabetes 20:1664, 1997; Gu D, et al. Diabetologia 46:1190, 2003,*Screening with FPG only,全球糖尿病患病率*,246 million people with diabetes worldwide = roughly 6% of the adult population In 2007, the five countries with the largest numbers of people w
21、ith diabetes are:India, China, United States, Russia, GermanyBy 2025, the largest increases in diabetes prevalence will occur in low- and middle-income countriesEach year an additional 7 million people worldwide develop diabetes,* Diabetes Atlas, 3rd edition, International Diabetes Federation, 2006,
22、中国IGT患病率已超过糖尿病患病率,标化患病率(%),全国11省(市)糖尿病和糖耐量低减(IGT)患病率调查,中华流行病学杂志, 1998, 19(5):282-285.,基线死亡率的结果显示CHD死亡比预期的高,Data from England and Wales between 1981 and 2000 in men and women aged 3584 yearsThere were 68,230 fewer CHD deaths than expected from baseline mortality rates in 1981,-100,000,-80,000,-60,000,-40,000,-20,000,0,20,000,Deaths prevented or postponed in 2000,Factors CHD deaths include smoking, cholesterol, and BP and changes in treatments,Factors CHD deaths include diabetes and obesity,Unal B, et al. Circulation 2004; 109:11011107.,延迟或预防死亡, 68,230,( 2,0003,000),
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