名词的使用.doc

1、南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董1 成功的人总是在不断的超越自己。名词的使用名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词专有名词：主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如 Beijing，China 等。普通名词：抽象名词，物质名词（不可数名词）集体名词，个体名词（可数名词）物质名词 : 指无法分为个体的物质。一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份” 、 “一杯” 、 “一种”Eg: Two strong black coffees, please.（ 两份）It was a special tea.

2、(一种) Three beers, please. (三杯）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg: rains （雨季） sands （沙滩） snows (积雪）waters( 海域)抽象名词 :表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg: Hes learning French for funI wish you good luck.抽象名词转化为可数名词Failure

3、is the mother of success. (失败与成功在此为抽象概念）As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.(成功者，失败者，可数 )集体名词 : 表示若干个个体组成的集合体Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突

4、出它的成员时作复数看。His family _ not large. (be)His family _ all music lovers. (be)在一些情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police.Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg: The police are looking for him

5、. 南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董2 成功的人总是在不断的超越自己。名词的数不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如：health, advice, glass, wood, English, America不可数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。单复数相同的情况：sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。 Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu只有复数形式的情况：trousers(裤子); g

6、lasses(眼镜); compasses(圆规) a pair ofthanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle复合名词的复数形式：1.主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on; editors-in-chief, sons-in-law2.两个组成部分皆变为复数：women doctors; men cooks* 这种形式的第一个名词必须是 man 或 woman考点归纳考点一名词的数 规则 1：有些学科名词虽以 s 结尾，但仍为单数名词。如：physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, sta

7、tistics。规则 2：表示一类事物总称的名词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s” 。如：machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence。规则 3：有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。如：chicken 鸡肉/chickens 小鸡；fish 鱼( 尾数)，鱼肉/fishes 各种鱼； paper 纸/papers 试卷，报纸，文件；water 水/waters 水域；room 空间/rooms 房间；time 时间/times 次数，倍数，时代；arm 手臂/arms 武器规

8、则 4：有些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义。如：people, police, cattle, staff, public, theadj.或 the分词(表示一类人)。规则 5： 对于集体名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员时，视作复数。如：The enemy has suffered heavy losses.The enemy are in flight.规则 6： 有些名词单、复数同形。如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, 南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董3 成功的人总是在

9、不断的超越自己。means, species, series, works。规则 7：复合名词变成复数时有 3 种情况：(1)把结尾词变成复数。如：grownupgrown ups，gobetweengobetweens。(2)把主体名词变成复数。如：sisterinlawsistersinlaw, editorinchiefeditorsin-chief，passerbypassersby。(3)把两个组成部分都变成复数，这种复合名词的第一个名词需是 man 或 woman。如man doctormen doctors，woman engineerwomen engineers。规则 8：不

10、规则名词的“数 ”：常用改变元音字母或词尾加 en 等方法构成。如：womanwomen, childchildren, oxoxen, toothteeth, goosegeese, footfeet, mousemice, phenomenonphenomena, analysisanalyses。规则 9：专有名词的“数” ：在姓氏名词后加“s”变成复数。如：the Smiths 史密斯一家人。规则 10：有些物质名词或抽象名词在表示具体或特定事物时，可具体化为可数名词，其前面需有不定冠词。如：a pleasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/shame,

11、 an honor/a bright future/a strong character/a great help/a waste of time。考点二名词所有格规则 1：表示有生命名词的所有格时，在词尾加“s” 。如：the boys bag，mens room。此外，表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“s”来表示所属关系，意为： “的” 。如：a twenty minutes walk, ten miles journey，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。规则 2：若名词已有复数词尾 s，只加“”，

12、如：the workers struggle。规则 3：of 属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构。如： a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。规则 4：如果两个名词并列，若分别加“s”，则表示“分别有”；若只有后一个名词加“s”，则表示两个“共有” 。如：Johns and Marys rooms(两间)；John and Marys room(一间)。规则 5：省略格：在表示店铺或教堂，诊所的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰

13、的名词。如：at the doctors 在诊所；at my sisters 在我姐家。规则 6：双重所有格：of名词“s” 结构。如：a friend of my fathers, a friend of mine, works of Lu Xuns高考实战演练：01. Every ton of this recycled paper uses 90 litres of water in its _ 南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董4 成功的人总是在不断的超越自己。A. structure B. manufacture C. construction D. o

14、rganization 02. )Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products03.)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business04. -Shall we go out for a walk?- Sorry. This is not the r

15、ight _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance05. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _” A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices06. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used

16、 to search for survivors in an earthquake. A. sense B. view C. means D. idea07. The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution08. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_ A.

17、 atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon09. Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion10. I cant say which wine is bestits a(n)_ of personal taste.A affair Bevent Cmatter Dvariety11.He and his

18、wife are of the same_; they both want their son to go to college.A. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind12. My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine13. Despite such a big difference in_ towards what one eats, there is no d

19、oubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight14. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_. A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges15. You are always full of_ Can you tell me the secret?Taking pl

20、enty of exercise every day. A. power B. strength C. force D. energy16. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance17. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some coun

21、try.A. way B. situation C. event D. choice18. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董5 成功的人总是在不断的超越自己。19. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _. A. states B. conditions C

22、. situations D. positions20. If you like I can do some shopping for you.Thats a very kind _A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion21.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their_ and weaknesses.A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values22. The_ on his

23、 face told me that he was angry.A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression23.) At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics.A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways24. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanat

24、ions B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions25. It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A. safety B. company C. house D. friend26. Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or no

25、t.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge27. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _. A. dat e B. shape C. order D. balance28. It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C. time D. way29. I am sure David will be able to find the

26、 libraryhe has a pretty good _of direction. A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense30. My _of this weekends activity is going out with some good friend.A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 31. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country. A. companies B. branches C

27、. organizations D. businesses32. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at best when he worked with others.A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character33. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices34 . The faces of f

28、our famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space35 The environmentalists and wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance36 In dealing with p

29、ublic relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.南宁戴氏高考中考学校 文科 2 班 名词的使用 Maggie 董6 成功的人总是在不断的超越自己。A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict37 Chinese arts have won the _ of a lot of people outside China.A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation38

30、I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens_.A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place39 Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _of little children . A hand Breach Cspace Ddistance 40. Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. There is no_ for this while you are on

31、duty.A reason Bexcuse Ccause Dexplanation41. “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all,“ said the boy.A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty42. One of the consequences of our planets being warming up is a(n) _ in the number of natural disasters.A. result B. account C.

32、reason D. increase43. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their _ some people drink alcohol.A. temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures44.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A. idea B. sense C. thought D. thinking45. - Im taking my driving test tomorrow. -_

33、!A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations46. To regain their_after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass . A. force B. energy C. power D. health 47. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily_and effect.A. reason B. impact C. fa

34、ct D. cause 48. Every new_has the possibility of making or losing money. A. event B. venture C. adventure D. expectation49. Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness50. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice答案：1-5 BABAD 6-10ABAAC 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 CDBCA 21-25 ADABB 26-30CBADA 31-35 BDCBD 36-40 DBABB 41-45 CDDBB 46-50 BDBCA