宾语从句学习指要.doc

1、1宾语从句学习指要来源：普特英语用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。Can you explain why he didnt come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？在宾语从句中须注意：1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导 exc

2、ept, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用 it 作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的 that 不能省。如：The boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。3. 动词 advise,

3、 ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do 的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即：1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动

4、词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：He didnt tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。He said he had read the book.

5、 他说他读过这本书。3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。2宾语从句用法详解一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if)、连接代

6、词或连接副词以及关系代词型 what 引导：1. that 引导We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking 医生坚持要我戒烟。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。The seller d

7、emanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求 5 日内付款。2. whether / if 引导I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。He en

8、quired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。3. 连接代词引导I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指谁。Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。IIl do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个

9、就拿哪个吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。4. 连接副词引导He asked why he had to go alone.

10、他问他为什么必须一个人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?3Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。We didnt know why he had answered in that fashion. 我们

11、不明白他为什么这样回答。that 与 whether (if)引导名词性从句的区别两者均可引导宾语从句，也可引导语从句和表语从句(if 通常不行) ，但两者含义不同，whether (if) 表示“是否” ，that 却不表示任何含义。在它们所引出的从句中， that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。比较：Whether hell come is not known yet. 他是否来还不清楚。That hell come is known to us all. 我们都知道他会来。类似地，动词 doubt (怀疑) 后接宾语从句时，由于

12、doubt 的含义不确定，故通常用 whether (if) 来引导其宾语从句，但若 doubt 为否定式，则其后的宾语从句用 that 来引导。如：I doubt if you are honest. 我怀疑你是否诚实。I dont doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。that, why 与 because 引导表语从句时的区别虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，虽然 why 和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如：The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事实是他们生彼此的气。He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。