语言学1单元.doc

1、Chapter OneI. Fill in the blanks. 1. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ communication.2. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumuberable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.3. Language has many functions.

2、 We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _.4. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called _ theory.5. The theory that language arose from instinctive emotional cries, expressive of pain or joy has been called _ theory.6. The

3、theory that language arose from human beings instinctive need for contact with his companion has been called the _ theory.7. Linguistics is the scientific study of _.8. Modern linguistic is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people

4、 to observe.9. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.10. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.11. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech communi

5、ty.12. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _. II Choose the best answer.13. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _.a. contact b. communication c. relation d. community14. Language is _.a. instinctive b. non-instinctive c. static d. genetically t

6、ransmitted15. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as _. a. unnatural b. something to be feared c. natural d. abnormal16. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?a. tree b. crash c. typewriter d. bang 17. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Cen

7、tigrade” is _.a. interrogative b. directive c. informative d. performative 18. _ is a grammatical description of a language specially designed as an aid to teaching that language to native or foreign learners.a. Descriptive grammar b. Prescriptive grammarc. Pedagogical grammar d. Universal grammar19

8、. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy ) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?a. Interpersonal b. Emotive c. P

9、erformative d. Recreational.20. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?a. Transferability. b. Duality. c. Displaceme

10、nt. d. Arbitrariness21. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?-A nice day, isnt it ?-Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.a. Emotive b. Phatic c. Performative d. Interpersonal 22. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differe

11、nces among languages?a. Diachronic linguistics. b. Synchronic linguistics.c. Prescriptive linguistics. d. Comparative linguistics.23. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.a. Performance b. Competence c. Langue d. Parole 2

12、4. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.a. Linguistic geography b. Sociolinguisticsc. Applied linguistics d. Comparative linguistics.III. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F).- 25. Duality is one of the characteristics of human languag

13、e. It refers to The fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.-26. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language.- 27. Competence and performance refer respectively to

14、 a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.- 28. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.- 29. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creati

15、ve, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the latter is more important for us. - 30. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.- 31. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while

16、parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.- 32. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.- 33. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners communicative skills.- 34.Language

17、is system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.- 35. Saussures exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.- 36. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.