我的工具箱.doc

1、Part I: 文章的开头1 号：现象法 （适用于阐述主题型作文和正反观点型作文）1. Recently the issue / problem of has been brought into focus. / brought to / aroused public attention. 2. In the past years, many have been faced / troubled / confronted with 3. One of the hottest / most popular topics / problems many people complain / talk

2、 abut now is 4. In the past few decades, there has been a sharp / dramatic increase / growth / rise / decline in According to an official report / survey / poll 5. Recently / Presently the phenomenon / problem of has become a heated topic2 号：对立法 （适用于正反观点型作文）1. When asked about , a great / vast major

3、ity of people say that But I think / view a bit differently (But in my eye / view, )2. When it comes to , some people believe that but some others argue / claim that (the opposite / reverse is true). There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but (I tend to / would prefer the forme

4、r / latter.)3. Now, it is commonly / generally / widely believed / held / acknowledged that They claim / believe / argue that But I wonder / doubt whether 3 号：观点法 （适用于阐述主题型）1. Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity to 2. Now people are becoming increasingly aware / conscious

5、 / of the importance of 3. Now people in growing / significant numbers are beginning / coming to realize / accept / be aware that 4. Nowhere in / Never in history has the issue / change / idea of been more evident / visible / popular / serious than in 5. Perhaps / Maybe we should / it is time to ret

6、hink / reexamine / have a fresh look at the idea / value / attitude / wisdom / desirability that 4 号：说明法 （适用于图表型作文）1. The first graph shows us At the same time, the other shows that 2. From the graph, we know the statistics of and It can be seen easily that 3. The figure of the first graph shows tha

7、t . While the figure of the second graph shows that The relationship between these two figures warns us that 5 号：问题法 （适用于阐述主题型作文和正反观点型作文）1. Should / What ? Opinions of / Attitudes towards / Answers to vary widely / greatly / from person to person. Some view / regard / think of as Others believe / ar

8、gue / claim 2. Why do / have ? Many people often ask / pose the question like this.6 号：引用法 （适用于阐述主题型作文和正反观点型作文）1. One of the great / early writers / philosophers / scientists said / wrote / remarked that If this is true / the case, then the present / current view / values / attitudes / situation sho

9、uld make us wonder whether / ponder over 2. “” The same idea / complaint / attitude is voiced / echoed / shared by 7 号： 寒暄法 （适用于书信型作文）1. Permit me to congratulate you upon 2. I beg to inform you that 3. Allow me to introduce to you 4. I am very glad to recommend to you 5. In answer to your advertise

10、ment I wish to apply for a post as in your office6. It is a pleasure to write this letter because it gives me an opportunity to tell you 8 号： 背景法 （适用于叙述故事型作文）1. I still remember vividly the day when I first 2. The picture of has become rather blurred. however, does stand out vividly in my mind.Part

11、II: 文章的主体1 号：重要性（作用、优缺点）段1. plays a key / vital role in 2. is of vital importance to 3. There is no denying the fact that is indispensable to in various ways.4. , as in the case with many issues, has both positive and negative aspects.5. The importance of cannot be overstated.6. has profound influen

12、ce on 7. has found wide application in various fields.8. Now great importance has been attached to 9. The merit of lies in many ways.2 号：危害问题段1. poses a tremendous threat to 2. However, the disadvantages of cannot be ignored.3. may create a sequence of problems to the person concerned.4. However, ma

13、y cause some side-effects.5. Every coin has two sides, so does the matter of . Its negative sides / aspects cannot be overlooked.6. The negative aspects of are also obvious.7. One major disadvantage of is that Another disadvantage is A further disadvantage is 3 号：他人观点段1. When it comes to / Faced wit

14、h , quite a few people claim / argue that , but other people view it differently.2. As far as is concerned, opinions vary widely.3. Peoples attitudes toward vary from person / individual to person / individual. Some maintain that They assume that However, others think of as They criticize.4. Some pe

15、ople believe Others claim Still others argue5. Quite a few people, who strongly advocate argue On the other hand, an increasing number of people, who believe maintain 6. Those who object to it claim But those who support it argue 7. Quite a few people claim More and more people, however, come to rea

16、lize that 4 号：解释原因段1. The phenomenon is due to a couple of factors. One major factor is That can be another factor is A further factor is 2. Two main factors contribute to . On the one hand On the other hand 3. A number of factors, both individual and social, can account for / explain / result in th

17、e phenomenon. For one thing, For another, A third contributing factor is 4. There are many reasons for but generally they can come down to three. One reason for this is Another reason is One strong reason for my argument is 5. One major reason is The fact that can be another reason. A further reason

18、 is that 6. is frequently connected to . Social factors may also have ld to It is generally true to say that 7. Reasons for are numerous. The chief reason is that A second good reason is that Still another reason is that 8. One may attribute / ascribe / owe the to 9. One may trace the back to 5 号：比较

19、段1. Similarly / Likewise / In the same way, 2. Just as , so 3. Compared with , 4. differs from in several ways.5. To , the advantages of outweigh those of 6. It is hard to say whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantage or vice versa.7. Another important difference is , while 8. outshine 9. out

20、perform6 号：举例段1. History / Life is filled with example. A good case in point is Another good illustration is 2. Take as an example. 3. To take a random example, 4. Just suppose what would be like / happen if 5. One case in point is Another case in point is 6. A good case in point is It is the same c

21、ase with This is also true of 7 号：概念过程段1. There is an old saying / proverb, which suggests / indicates that 2. As a famous saying / philosopher once put it, , it is clear that 8 号：措施段1. Measures / Actions should be taken to cope with this problem. To begin with Next Last but not the least2. One sugg

22、estion to this problem is to Another suggestion is to A further suggestion is that 3. One major solution to this problem is to The fact that can be another solution. Still another solution is that 4. Now it is time something was done to cope with this tough problem. On the one hand, On the other han

23、d, Only when/Only in this way shall we 5. Several possible solutions have been put forward. One is Another is Undoubtedly there is a long way to go before 9 号：个人观点段1. I quite agree with the statement that 2. Personally, I am in favor of the former / the latter 3. To my mind, I am on the side of with

24、 following three reasons.4. For my part, I side with as the result of the following considerations.5. In my opinion / view,6. As I see it7. It seems to me that 8. As far as I am concerned.Part III: 文章的结尾1 号：结论性结尾1. From what has been discussed above / Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely

25、 come to the conclusion that 2. In conclusion / summary / a word , 2 号：后果性结尾1. Obviously / Clearly / No doubt, if we cant / dont , / if we ignore / are blind to , there is every chance / chances are / it is very likely that 2. Any person / nation / society who / which ignores / is blind to / fails t

26、o learn would pay a heavy price.3 号：号召性结尾1. It is (high) time that we 2. It is essential / necessary / important that effective / quick / proper measures / actions / steps / remedies / should be taken to 4 号：建议性结尾1. In short / In any case, we / it should / must / ought to 2. Here are some of the thi

27、ngs that might be done / here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately (to )Part IV: 应用文写作1. 信件：2. 通知：书面通知：NOTICE (ANNOUNCEMENT)书面通知的正文一般用第三人称来写。时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点,应直截了当地一一予以说明。2007-9-15口头通知: Ladies and gentlemen / Boys and girls: Be quiet, please! / May I have your attention? /

28、 Attention, please!.Thank you. 开头语Be quiet, please! Attention, please!Listen, pleaseA Please be quiet, everyone.Please stop talking over there!May I have your attention, please!Please be quiet, everyone, There is something I have to tell you.B Be quiet, please. There is something you need to know.Listen, please. There is going to be结束语Any questions?Does everyone understand?Thats all. Thank you.不论是口头通知还是书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容,因而多用将来时态,其中往往有一些注意事项,一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了,条理清晰,要求精确,特别是时间概念很重要,必须写得十分明确,不容丝毫含糊。3. 图表：