高中英语倒装句讲解.doc

1、倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。I、倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1）表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，如：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, in the room, on the wall 等例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。South of the river lies a small factory. Out rushed the childre

2、n. Ahead sat an old woman.2）such 置于句首时，此时 such 多被认为是表语。例如：Such are the facts; no one can deny them.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。一、 only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。例如：Only in this way can you learn English

3、well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。二、 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：Never have I

4、 seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。（当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 ）注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave

5、 the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1） -Why cant I smoke here? -At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not

6、until 等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案 D. 看到 Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early year

7、s of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了 ,否则意思就变了。三、 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than 等，要倒装。例如：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner

8、 had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置） 。这类表示否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not

9、onlybut （also）, no soonerthan, hardly when ，scarcely when 等等。 注意：只有当 Not only but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的 Not only but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如 Not only you but also I am fond of music。四、 so, neither, nor 位于句首时作部分倒装 用这些词表示“ 也“、“也不“ 的句子要部分倒装。例如：Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会

10、。 If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案：B. nor 为增补意思 “也不关心“，因此句子应倒装。A 错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D 缺乏连词。 注意：当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。

11、意为“的确如此“。例如：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard.雨下得真大。-So it is. 是呀。五、 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前） 。但需注意： 1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Try hard as he will, he never seems abl

12、e to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。注意：让步状语从句中，有 though，although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet 可连用。六、其他部分倒装1） so that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had,

13、 should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。典型例题：1）Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案为 D. 否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）Not until I began to work _ how mu

14、ch time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize 答案为 B。3）-Do you know Tom bought a new car? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案为 B. 句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示 “也不 “。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so 用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。