广州专用(沪教牛津版)八年级英语上册主要知识点.doc

1、1广州八年级英语（上册）主要知识点Unit 1 Newspapers1.Useful phrases and expressionsTake charge of 主管，掌管Vote for 投赞成票Take note 记录Be responsible for 负责，有责任Talk .over 详谈Make a list of .把列成清单Be free for (someone) 对（某人）免费Pay.for 付费Make a decision about. 对作出决定In one weeks time 一周后A copy of 一份For free 免费From the air 从空中Of

2、ones own 某人自己的Have the habit of. 有的习惯Try ones best 尽力Try to (do something) 尽力（做某事）Try doing something 尝试做某事Believe in oneself 相信自己Once a week 每周一次Be pleased with. 对满意Keep fit 保持健康Have a high fever 发高烧At break 课间休息Not at all 一点也不，完全不Get on well 相处得好For this reason 因为这样2.语法 language: should and ought

3、to (positive) should not and ought not to (negative)3.辨析3.1 Other, the other, another(1) Other 表示泛指，没有特定的范围。 E.g. Lei Feng always helped other people. (2) The other 意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为： one.the other.（一个另一个 ）E.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.(3) another 表示三者或者三

4、者以上的其他任何一个。意为“再一；又一”。E.g. Would you like another cup of tea?注意： the other 和 other 后均可加名词，但是意思有所不同， “the other+名词”表示一定范围内出一部分外其余的全部，而“other+名词“ 表示出去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。3.2 Spend, cost, take, pay “花费”A. spend 主语必须为人，常用于一下结构：(1) spend time/money on sth. 在某物上花费时间、金钱。2E.g. I spend two hours on this maths p

5、roblem. (2) spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间、金钱做某事。E.g. They spend two years (in) doing this bridge. (3) spend money for sth. 花钱买某物E.g. His money was spent for books.B. cost 的主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：(1) sth. cost (sb.)+金钱表示“某物花了（某人）多少钱”。E.g. A computer costs a lot of money.(2) (doing) some

6、thing cost (sb.) +时间表示“（做某事）某物花了（某人）多少时间。 ”E.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.C. take 后面常跟双宾语，常见的用法如下：(1) it takes sb.+时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多少时间。E.g. It took them three years to build this road.(2) doing sth. takes sb.+时间表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。E.g. Repairing this car took him the who

7、le afternoon.D. pay 的基本用法：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱给某人买某物。E.g. I have to pay him two dollars for this bread.(2) pay for (sth.) 付某物的钱。E.g. I have to pay for the lost book.(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。E.g. Dont worry. I will pay for you.3.3 till, until 两者都可以用作介词和连词，也都可以用于肯定句和否定句中。Till 比 until 的语气轻，一般不放

8、在句首。3.4 ago, before.Ago 表示从现在算起一段时间“以前， ”和动词的一般过去式连用。放在所修饰词后面。E.g. I knew him many years ago.Before 用于表示从过去的某时算起若干时间以前，通常与动词的完成时连用。E.g. I have never heard of her before.3.5 Alone 与 lonely Alone 独自一人，充当标语形容词（不作定于用） 。充当状语。 E.g. She lives alone in the house.Lonely 孤独的，指心理上的愁闷。可作表语和定语。E.g. He doesnt fel

9、l lonely.4. 知识点拓展：4.1 agree with sb. 表示“同意某人或者某人所说的话”。3E.g. He agree with me. agree to +表示“建议，计划，办法”的词E.g. He agreed to our suggestion.agree on+ 表 “具体协商的文件，计划 ”等E.g. We agree on the plan.agree to do sth. 同意做某事E.g. We agree to go swimming. 4.2 leave 的用法： leave 作动词，表示“留下，丢下” , 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 “leave

10、+某物+地点”。E.g. He left his key at home.4.3 as well as 的用法：as well as 而且，还，也as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词，形容词，代词，介词，此时虽然连接的是两个并列成分，但是强调的重点在前面不在后面。意思为：“不但而且” “既又”, “除了之外，还有” 。翻译时要先译后面再译前面。E.g. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。as well as 还用于同级比较注意： as well “也”，一般用于肯定句句末，

11、相当于 “too“。4.4 much too 与 too much much too “太” ，副词短语。too much “太多” 形容词短语。E.g. He felt much too tired because he has too much homework.Unit 2 detectives and crimes 1. Useful phrases and expressionsThe same .as.和同样的No longer 不再 Break into 强行闯入Go to jail 进监狱Instead of 代替 ， 而不是 Behind bars 坐牢At the back

12、 of .在的后部At the front of .在前部Go in 进入室内Refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事Bump into someone/something 碰撞到某人、某物 take away 带走，拿走Get away 逃离，脱身At the time of .在期间Say goodnight to someone 向某人道晚安Knock at 敲，击Break.down 打到From a distance 从远方，从远处In addition to 除以外Kill oneself 自杀Lose money 输钱Be angry with someone 生某人的气2.

13、语法 Language :infinitives（动词不定式）gerunds (动名词）不定式充当句子各种成分的具体用法：42.1 不定式作主语： （1）动词不定式放在句首作主语，表示某个具体或将来的动作。E.g. To swim in the river is dangerous.（2）在现代英语中为了平衡句子，常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正作主语的不定式放在后边。E.g. It is dangerous to swim in the river.（2）在（1）的情况下，可以用介词 for 或 of 来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。E.g. It is difficult for the fo

14、reigners to learn Chinese.2.2 不定式作宾语：（1）动词不定式可以作某些动词的宾语，表示具体的动作或行为。E.g. I can not afford to buy a new car.（2）有些动词后既可以接不定式又可以接动名词作宾语。但意思却不尽相同。动名词作宾语表示经常性、习惯性，而不定式表示某次具体的活动或行为。这样的动词有：start, begin, continue, fear, like, love 等。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim in such a cold weather.（3）有时可以用 it

15、作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在后面。E.g. I find it hard to persuade her.（4）有些动词后面接不定式作宾语表示动作尚未发生，接动名词作宾语表示动作已经发生。Remember, forget, stop, etc.2.3 动词不定式作表语E.g. My job is to teach you English.2.4 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式可以在某些动词后面作其宾语补足语。此类动词有：ask, allow, except, encourage, force, permit, order, persuade. Request.E.g. He h

16、elps me to study English.2.5 动词不定式作主语补足语E.g. The boy was made to work all day long.2.6 动词不定式作定语2.7 动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语。E.g. I have many letters to answer.2.8 动词不定式作状语2.9 表目的E.g. He worked hard to support his large family.3.0 表结果E.g. He hurried home to find his wife gone.3.1 表原因E.g. We are proud to be C

17、hinese. 3. 辨析：hope, wish, except.to do sth. Hope I hope to see you soon.=I hope that I will see you soon.that - clause 5to do sth.that -clause(虚拟语气） I wish that I could see you soon.wishsb. to do I wish you to have a good time.sb. +adj./n.(双宾语） Wish you successful/ success.to do sth.except that-clau

18、se I except you to win the game.sb. to do sth.Unit 3 modern machines 1. Useful phrases and expressionsBe unaware of 没有意识到；不知道 Be dependent on 依靠，依赖 More importantly 更重要的是For the time being 暂时，眼下Have great understanding of . 对有很深的了解Make mistakes 犯错Link.together 把连接起来2. 语法 Language: 1）the comparative

19、of adjectives.(形容词比较级）2）The superlative of adjectives ( 形容词最高级）2.1 形容词比较等级构成：单音节词以及少数一 er, ow, le 结尾的双音节词，一般加-er 和-est 构成比较级和最高级，多音节词加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级(cold, large, thin)有些是不规则的，需要特别记忆。 E.g. Many-more-most little-less-least ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest 2.2 形容词比较等级应该注意的问题：（1）比较级

20、可以用表示程度的数量词，倍数，百分数等，用作状语。E.g. I am a head taller than you. Our room is twice as large yours.（2） 形容词比较级前加 much, even, still, far, a little, lot 等，加强语气。2.3 比较级 +and+ 比较级，表示“越来越” ； the + 比较级, the + 比较级表示“越，就越 ”。（1）同类东西方能比较E.g. The weather in Qingdao is cooler than Jinan.(错误）The weather in Qingdao is co

21、oler that in Jinan.(正确）（2）使用比较级时，要把自己除外，常与 other 或者 else 连用。E.g. He is younger than the boys in his class.(wrong)He is younger than other boys in his class.6（3） as .as 之间可以加名词，但是要注意名词的语序。E.g. I have as many books as you.3. 辨析：in future, in the future 与 in the near future1） in future 以后，今后 E.g. Pleas

22、e be on time in future.2） in the future “将来，未来”，距离现在较远E.g. Man may be able to live on the moon in the future.3） in the near future 不久的将来E.g. Our spaceship will go to the moon in the near future.4. 由 time 组成的词组：All the time 一直，始终At a time 一次，每次At any time 随时，在任何时候On time 准时in no time 立即at all time 总是

23、，始终Time and time again 一再，屡屡Have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快At one time 过去有一段时间At times, from time to time 有时，不时At the same time 同时In time 及时At one time 一度，同时By the time 到 的时候For the first time 第一次5.“to“的固定用法： The key to the door 门上的钥匙The way to the school 去学校的路The entrance to . 到的入口The reply to . 的回答6.介词

24、“with“的用法：(1)和（一起） ；同（一起） E.g. Have dinner with a friend shake hands with sb.(2)在身边；在 身上 E.g. Take a pen with you. 7. with 用工具 E.g. Write with a pen.(1) 说明表示动作的词，表示“ 伴随，随着，和同时”E.g. Change with the temperature. With these words he left the room. (2) 说明名词，表示事物的附属部分或具有的性质）具有；带有；包括在内。E.g. A country with

25、 a long history.(3)（表示一致）在一边，与一致 7E.g. A country with a long history.8. Pay attention to 中的“ to ”为介词，短语中“to”为介词的还有：Look forward to. 期待，期盼Lead to . 导致Devote to .致力于Devote oneself to .献身于Unit 4 Historical stories 1.Useful phrases and expressionsRush down 急促冲下Send someone to prison 把某人送进监狱On wheels 下面装

26、着轮子的Show respect to .尊重Make jokes about(someone)开某人的玩笑Pray to.祈祷，祷告Along with. 与同样地；除了以外（还）Feel like (doing something) 想要做某事Succeed in (doing something) 搬到，做成Put in prison 关进监狱With a trick 通过一个计谋Read about 读到Be made of. 用做的Pour.into.把倒进Take care of 照顾，照料Read about 读到Trade in 做买卖；做生意2. 辨析：except, exc

27、ept for, besides2.1 except，介词， “除之外”，表示例外，排除，含有否定的意思。它表示排除的是同类的事物或者行为。E.g. He gets up every day except Sunday. He went nowhere except the library.2.2 except for 表示“ 除 之外” ，它后面的宾语一般与句子里所涉及的内容并非同类事物或行为。E.g. The story is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.2.3 besides 表示 “除了之外还有 ”E.g. We al

28、l went swimming besides him.3. 辨析：beat, win 3.1 beat 后接的一般是竞争对手等8E.g. We know it is easy to beat him.3.2 win 表示“ 赢得，获胜 ”，宾语一般是比赛，竞赛等。E.g. We won the game in the end.4. 辨析：be made of, be made from4.1 be made of 由制成，能从某物上看出原材料E.g. The sunflowers are made of paper.4.2 be made from 由制成，从某物上看不出原材料E.g. Th

29、e paper is made from wood.5. 辨析：alive, live, living ,lively.5.1 alive 多用作表语，多用于修饰人，表示“活着的”。它也可以用作定语，放在被修饰词的后面。E.g. He is the oldest man alive in the world.The hunter caught a bear alive.5.2 live 作形容词时只用于物，作定语，基本意义是“活的”，它还有很多引申意义。E.g. This is a live fish.5.3 living 表示“活着的，现存的”，可指人，也可指物。在句中作表语或者定语。作定语

30、时，可作前置也可以后置。E.g. He is the greatest living novelist in the world.5.4 lively 表示“ 有生气的，活泼的；（颜色）鲜明的，真实的。 ”E.g. What lively colour！He gave a lively description of the football game.6. 语法 Language:6.1 the present tense and the simple past tense.(现在完成时和一般过去时）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，但一般过去时只表示过去的事实。不表示与现在的关系。 （关键

31、：动作与现在有关系还是只与过去有关系） 。E.g. My car has broken down.(现在仍然是坏的，因此我不得不乘出租车上班）My car broke down. (不知道现在是否已经修好）6.2 Exclamathons 感叹句What + 不定冠词 +形容词+ 名词+主语+谓语！How + 形容、副词+ 主语+谓语！E.g. What an interesting story it is!How beautiful flowers they are!我们也可以用一个段短语或者句子来表示感叹。 E.g. Oh no!Unit 5 Strange Creatures91. Us

32、eful phrase and expressionIn no time 立马Take off 拆掉Sell out 卖光，售完Right away 立刻，马上Take pleasure in .从中得到乐趣Make a complaint 提出诉求In the shape of. 呈的形状Beg.someone to do something 请求某人做某事All ones life 一辈子In return 作为回报Start off 首先进行，一开始是Shout at 对大声说话Respond to 对作出反应Promise to do something 承诺做某事Complain a

33、bout. 抱怨，投诉Come back 回来，返回2. Language: adverbs 副词 ：我们通常在形容词后加-ly 构成这些副词。（hard, fast, late）既可以作形容词又可以作副词。3. 辨析：begin to do sth.begin doing sth. 都是开始做某事的意思，但是在以下的情况下通常用begin to do sth.1）主语是物而不是人时2 ）begin 为“beginning“ 这个形式时3 ）其后的动词与想法，感情有时。E.g. She began to understand it.4. 辨析：die of, die from1) die of

34、 表示“因而死”，原因多来自内部，后面常接以下名词： old age , illness, sorrow, cancer, joy, grief, a disease.E.g. She died of illness.2) die from 意思为“ 由于而死” ，原因来自外部，后面常接以下名: a traffic accident, an earthquake, carelessness.E.g. He died from a traffic accident.5. 拓展：与 all 有关的短语After all 毕竟，终究All right 行，好All the same 仍然，还是All

35、 the time 一直All though 尽管如此In all 总共Not at all 一点也不6.与 take 有关的短语Take somebodys arm 挽着某人的胳膊Take somebody in ones arms 拥抱某人Take the first place 居首位，得第一Take a holiday 休假Take a day off 请一天假Take photographs 拍照Take ones temperature 测量体温Take a train 坐火车Unit 6 jobs 101. Useful phrases and expressionsBe use

36、d to do something 用来做 Break down 坏掉，出故障Make apologies 道歉Remove .from.移开，拿开Apologize to someone 向某人道歉Divide. between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间分享、分配Have the ability to do something 有能力做某事Have a great sense of humour 有很强的幽默感Tell jokes 讲笑话At holiday times 在休假期间Be free from .不受伤害Laugh about.嘲笑As long as 只要Be ru

37、de to. 对无礼/ 粗鲁Pay taxes 缴税Be prepared to do something 准备做某事Get upset 感到难过Apply for. 申请An expert in .（方面）的专家Have the experience of .有的经历2. 辨析：all the time, always 2.1 all the time 是一个副词性短语，意为“一直，始终” ，表示从某一个特定阶段开始一直到结束，不表示频率，常置于句末。 E.g. He is singing all the time.2.2 always 是表示频率的一个副词，意为 “总是”，表示动作的反复，状态的继续，其反义词是 never,它与进行时连用，常译为 “总是，老是”，表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩。E.g. He always gets up early.3. 辨析：have to, must 1) have to 强调法律，条文规定或客观要求“不得不 ”E.g. It is late. I have to go now.2 )must 强调个人主观的看法或者强调劝告“有必要，必须”。E.g. I have something to do. I must go now.4. 辨析