1、第三十六章 非住院病人的麻醉,教学目的:通过学习基本熟悉 非住院病人的麻醉前评估 与麻醉管理。,教学要求,教学要求1、熟悉非住院病人的麻醉前评估2、熟悉非住院病人的麻醉选择与麻醉管理3、了解非住院病人的选择、麻醉前准备4、了解非住院病人的术后管理,教学内容病人选择与麻醉前评估麻醉前准备麻醉选择与麻醉管理术后管理,第三十六章 非住院病人的麻醉(Outpatient anesthesia),美国和加拿大门诊手术量占医院手术总数的29.1%51.1%,英国哥伦比压省1977年门诊手术已高达51.1%,美国1985年,门诊手术仅占所有择期手术的34%,现在,门诊手术占所有择期手术的60%以上,预计很快
2、会升至70%以上。,可节省大量医疗费用缓解医院床位的紧张国家可降低新建医院的投资从病人的角度讲,可显著缓解病人等手术的时间解除病人住院必须卧床休息的戒律,避免病人与亲属分离降低交叉性医院性感染的机会外,第一节病人选择与麻醉前评估,一、病人的选择 主要从两个方面进行选择,一方面是病人的健康状态(ASA I-II),另一方面是询问病史。,一般讲不适合行门诊手术的病人1,儿童(1)小于36周的早产儿(2)患呼吸系统疾患的患儿(3)伴心血管系统疾病的患儿2,成人(1)ASAIII-IV级病人(2)伴有明显呼吸系统疾患的肥胖病人(3)复杂手术术后需行镇痛者(4)伴有明显发热、喘息、鼻腔充血以及咳嗽的病人
3、,第二节 麻醉前准备,1、禁食 小儿术前禁食标准(h),2、术前用药(1)抗胆碱能药 (2)预防误吸(H2-受体拮抗剂、甲氧氯普铵、非特异性抗酸药),第三节麻醉选择与麻醉管理,非住院病人的麻醉应遵循安全、有效、简易、舒适与节约费用的原则麻醉选择:监测下的麻醉管理、神经阻滞、椎管内麻醉和全身麻醉麻醉原则:诱导平稳、良好的镇痛、恢复迅速完全、无麻醉并发症、良好的术后镇痛。,1、术前用药2、建立静脉通道3、监测4、全麻5、区域麻醉,第四节 术后管理,1、疼痛2、麻醉后恶心呕吐3、麻醉后恢复可分三个阶段4、出院标准5、出院医嘱6、意外住院,Please answer the following que
4、stions: (NO Yes),1. Have you had anything to eat or drink in the last 4 hrs? 2. Have you had any previous operations?3. Will you go home alone?4. Have you ,or anybody in your family,ever had any problems with general anaesthetics?5. Do you have a cough or a cold?6. Have you had any serious illnesses
5、 in the past?7. Do you suffer with heart disease or high blood pressure?8. Do you ankles swell?,more,9. Do you get breathless or have chest pain on exercise or at night10. Do you have asthma or bronchitis?11. Do you smoke?12. Do you have epilepsy?13. Do you have diabetes?14. Do you suffer from anaem
6、ia, bruise easily or bleed excessively?15. Do you drink excessive amounts of alcohol?16. Have you ever had liver disease or been jaundiced?17. Are you allergic to anything, including Elastoplast?,more,18. Are you taking any drugs or medication from your GP?19. Do you have any loose or false teeth?20. Do you usually wear contact lenses?21. If female, are you pregnant?,返回,