004《经济学家》读译参考之四：一个关乎标准的问题-烟草公司日子不好过.doc

1、 经济学家 读译参考 Translated filtration, paper permeability, and filter-tip ventilation.” A conference paper from 1983 says, “The challenge would be to reduce the mainstream nicotine determined by standard smoking-machine measurement while increasing the amount that would actually be absorbed by the smoker

2、”. Another conference paper, from 1984, says: “（5）We should strive to achieve this effect without appearing to have a cigarette that cheats the league table. Ideally it should appear to be no different from a normal cigarette.It should also be capable of delivering up to 100% more than its machine d

3、elivery.”不过哈蒙德医生表示，英美公司所调查的不仅仅人们的吸烟方式。英美公司上世纪 70 年代末、80 年代初的一系列内部文献表明，该公司至少曾考虑过将这一知识用于卷烟设计。1979 年的一份研究报告上这样说道：“可分别或联合应用与设计有关的三个要素，即过滤、烟卷包装纸的通透性以及过滤嘴的通气效果，来控制焦油和尼古丁的释放水平。 ”1983 年一份会议论文也提到， “关键在于，要在提高吸烟者尼古丁实际吸收量的同时，减少可被标准检测方法测定到的含量。 ”1984 年另一份会议论文说：“我们应当努力达到这一效果并能在检测中蒙混过关。理想化的结果是，这种香烟看上去应与一般香烟无任何差异 并且

4、释放的尼古丁及焦油量要比机器释放的高出 100%。 ”None of the documents discovered by the three researchers shows that BAT actually did redesign its cigarettes in this way, and the firm denies that it did. However, BATs own data show that some of its cigarettes delivered far more nicotine and tar to machines which had the

5、 characteristics of real smokers than to those which ran on ISO standards. In the most extreme example, in a test carried out in 1987, the “real smoking” machine drew 86% more nicotine and 114% more tar from Players Extra Light than the ISO machine detected, although smoke intake was only 27% higher

6、.三名研究人员发现的文献中没有一篇表明英美公司确曾采用这种方法对其生产的卷烟进行了改良，而且该公司也矢口否认这么干过。英美公司内部资料显示，其生产的某些卷烟向机器（具有实际吸烟者特征）释放的尼古丁和焦油量远远超出 ISO 标准。最为极端的例子是，在 1987 年进行的一项实验中， “真吸烟”机器从 Players Extra Light 牌卷烟中吸收的尼古丁和焦油量比 ISO 仪器实际检测到的量分别高出 86%和114%，而烟雾摄入量仅高 27%。（6）Regardless of how this bcolor=#0000FF*came about5, the irony is that lo

7、w-tar brands may have 经济学家 读译参考 Translated 对烟或饮料大口的吸或喝3draw on: 吸收4lay down: 规定，制定5come about: 发生抛砖引玉请对文中划线短句给出您的译法（对应序号）：（1） make them low-tar in the eyes of officialdom（2） The extra volume makes up for the lower concentration of the drug.（3） That pulls a higher proportion of the air inhaled throug

8、h the burning tobacco, rather than through the paper sides of the cigarette.（4） Dr Hammondss conclusion is drawn from the huge body of documents disgorged by the tobacco industry as part of various legal settlements that have taken place in the past few years, mainly as a result of disputes with the authorities in the United States. （5） We should strive to achieve this effect without appearing to have a cigarette that cheats the league table. （6） Regardless of how this came about, the irony is that low-tar brands may have ended up causing more health problems than high-tar ones.