2013年职称英语考试综合类试题及答案.doc

1、 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件2013年职称英语综合类试题及参考答案点击差看： 2013年职称英语考试资料大全第一部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1. All the walls in the building had the same layout.A. sizeB. functionC. colorD. arrangment2. The storm caused severe damage.A. physical B. accidentalC. seriousD. envir

2、omental3. The walls are made of hollow concret blocks.A. bigB. emptyC. longD. new职称英语考试宝典 系列软件4. Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. modernizeD. fund5. Do we have to wear these name tags?A. listsB. formsC. lablesD. codes6. Joe came to the window as the crow

3、d chanted ”Joe,Joe,Joe”A. repeatedB. jumpedC. maintainedD. approached7. He inspired many young people to take up sports.A. encouragedB. allowedC. calledD. advised8. The city center was wiped out by the bomb.职称英语考试宝典 系列软件A. coveredB. reducedC. destroyedD. moved9. Most baby can take in a wide range of

4、 food easily.A. bringB. digestC. keepD. serve10. A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. shoutedC. gatheredD. walked11. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. windy12. What puzzles me is why his books are so

5、popular.职称英语考试宝典 系列软件A. shocksB. influencesC. confusesD. concerns13. I think $7 a drink is a bit steep, dont you?A. tightB. lowC. cheap D. high14. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. hateC. loveD. pity15. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A. slightlyB. part

6、lyC. faintlyD. completely答案：DCBCCAACBCACDDD职称英语考试宝典 系列软件第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Brotherly Love1. Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century. 2. The brothers father was a ball maker

7、. 3. The brothers make shoes at home. 4. The brothers argued about the shoes.5. The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument. 6. Nike makes more shoes than Adidas. 7. People in town have forgotten their argument. 答案BBABACB第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：

8、（1）第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定段落每段选择 1 个小标题；（2）第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。How technology pushes down price(原文有删减)The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the

9、Indonesian archipelago which was the worlds principal source of nutmeg. The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan. As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. But deflation has ch

10、aracterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confou

11、nded. More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of peoples stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and co

12、ntinues to drop (see chart 4).Genetically modified (GM) seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件rotation. Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th cen

13、tury. The railway opened up the American mid-west. The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse. After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-cou

14、ntry output. The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “livestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute. Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food

15、 prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries. Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s

16、, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do. Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the worlds soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless yo

17、u can 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology. Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution. Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchma

18、n discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scien

19、tist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France. The impact on the food industr

20、y of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale. Big businesses can invest in IT systems that m

21、ake them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition. Britains Competition C

22、ommission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players. In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scop

23、e for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims. Wal-Marts scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A

24、hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage. It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kelloggs Corn Flakes for 56%. Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retai

25、lers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. Once upon a time, power lay with landlords. In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers. Lord Haskins, Tony Blairs 职称英语考试宝典 系列软件adviser on farming, recalls going to food

26、industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chainNo longer. Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chain. But the r

27、etailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars. They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down. Wal-Marts headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse. Tesco, Britains biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a

28、 Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London. Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars. One of the manifestations of retailers power (which also reinforces

29、it) is the growth of private-label (ie, supermarket- not producer-branded) goods. In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain.