Artemis.doc

1、ArtemisAR teh mesArtemedaar TEH methaThe Virgin Goddess of the HuntDaughter of Zeus and LetoArtemis and NiobeArtemis and HeraklesArtemis and OrionArtemis and AgamemnonTemple of Artemis at EphesusArtemis in The Iliad (reference)Artemis in The Odyssey (reference)Other Text ReferencesImages of ArtemisD

2、aughter of Zeus and LetoArtemis and Apollon are the children of Zeus and Leto . both are associated with the bow . Apollon is said to use the curved bow and Artemis uses the silver bow. She is one of only three goddesses who are immune to the enchantments of Aphrodite (goddess of Love) . the other t

3、wo are Histia (Hestia) and Athene (Athena).Artemis is a friend to mortals, and dances through the countryside in her silver sandals giving her divine protection to the wild beasts, particularly the very young. She rides her silver chariot across the sky and shoots her arrows of silver moonlight to t

4、he earth below.When Apollon leaves his shrine in Pytho and travels to Mount Olympos (Olympus), the other gods and goddesses gather to hear the beautiful music he plays on the lyre. He sings with the Muses of the unending gifts the Immortals enjoy and the mortal plight of the people who must endure t

5、he pains of illness and the failings of old age. Hebe (goddess of Youth), the Graces, the Seasons, Harmonia and Aphrodite join hands and dance . the goddess Artemis, tall and enviable, sings to her brothers irresistible melodies.Artemis, like the other Olympians, has favorites among the mortals but

6、she could not protect the fine huntsman, Skamandros (Scamander), from the spear of Menelaos (Menelaus) at the battle for the city of Troy.In The Odyssey, Odysseus was told the story of a wonderful island named Syria, where hunger and grim old age have no dominion. When the Fates determined that the

7、noble inhabitants of this island were at the end of their lives, Artemis and Apollon would swoop down and painlessly kill them with their arrows.(Back to Top)Artemis and NiobeUnlike her brother Apollon, Artemis is not skilled in war-craft but she can punish and kill as the will of Zeus dictates. In

8、The Iliad her mother Leto was insulted by a woman named Niobe. Niobe boasted that she had twelve children and Leto only had two. As punishment, Apollon killed Niobes six sons and Artemis killed her six daughters . the bloody bodies of the children laid exposed for nine days before Zeus allowed the o

9、ther Olympians to bury them. Niobe was turned into stone on the slopes of Mount Sipylos near the waters of Achelous, in which state she still weeps over her loss.Artemis and Apollon killing the children of Niobe.(Back to Top)Artemis and HeraklesHerakles (Heracles) encountered Apollon and Artemis whi

10、le he was completing his Third Labor, the capturing of the Keryneian Hind. At the command of his cousin Eurystheus, Herakles was required to capture a deer with golden horns and return the sacred beast to Mycenae. The Keryneian Hind was sacred to Artemis and was named after a Peloponnesian river. He

11、rakles spent a year searching for the elusive deer before he was able to capture it.While returning the hind to Eurystheus, Herakles encountered Apollon and Artemis. They demanded the return of the sacred creature but Herakles successfully argued the justice of his quest and was allowed to complete

12、his Labor with the blessings of Apollon and Artemis.Artemis, Herakles and Apollon with the Keryneian Hind.(Back to Top)Artemis and OrionThe hunter Orion encountered Artemis and Leto on the island of Crete . he had been recently punished with blindness and then healed but he learned nothing from the

13、ordeal . his vanity and brutality remained his trademark. While hunting with Artemis and Leto, Orion threatened to kill every wild beast on the earth. Gaia (Earth) was so annoyed with Orion that she sent a giant scorpion to sting and kill him. Artemis and Leto prayed to Zeus that Orion be put in the

14、 heavens as a major constellation to honor his manliness and there he remains today with the scorpion beside him.(Back to Top)Artemis and AgamemnonThe preparations for the siege of Troy were well under way when the Greek fleet rendezvoused at the port town of Aulis. While at Aulis, Agamemnon offende

15、d the Artemis. As punishment for Agamemnons offence, Boreas (North Wind) would not let the ships leave the harbor. The seer, Kalchas (Calchas), said that unless Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia (Iphigeneia), to Artemis, the fleet would not be allowed to leave. Agamemnon had Iphigenia (or

16、perhaps her name was Iphianassa), brought to Aulis on the pretext that she was to marry Achilles. When the time for the sacrifice came, Artemis took Iphigenia from the altar and substituted a stag in her stead. Artemis transported Iphigenia to Tauris where she became an immortal priestess to the god

17、dess. Iphianassa was thus saved from the cruel sacrifice but this incident set the stage for Agamemnons tragic homecoming at the end of the Trojan War.Agamemnons wife Klytemnestra (Clytemnestra) learned of the attempt to sacrifice Iphigenia to Artemis and, coupled with the lonely neglect of Agamemno

18、ns ten year absence, decided to kill him when he returned from Troy. Upon his triumphant return, Agamemnon paid no heed to the dire warnings from the ghost of Achilles or king Priams daughter, Kassandra (Cassandra). He entered his palace oblivious to his fate and was brutally murdered by Klytemnestr

19、a.(Back to Top)The Temple of Artemis at EphesusPerhaps the most glorious tribute to Artemis was the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The temple was so magnificent it was listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.The site on which the Temple of Artemis was built had been a center of worship for an

20、 Anatolian Mother Goddess since prehistoric times. When King Kroesus (Croesus) of Lydia conquered Karia (Caria), of which Ephesus was the primary city, he built the first Temple of Artemis on the ruins if the Mother Goddess temple which was on the estuary of the Cayster River (modern Kucuk Menderes)

21、. Construction began circa 560 BCE, under the supervision of the engineer/architect Chersiphron.The temple was utterly destroyed in 356 BCE when a man named Herostratus set fire to the wooden roof. The heat from the flames was so intense that the building, although mostly constructed of marble, was

22、ruined. Herostratus is reputed to have arrogantly boasted that the men who built the temple would be forgotten but he would always be remembered as the man who destroyed it.The new temple was gigantic by Greek standards and was larger than the Parthenon at Athens or the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Th

23、e temple was built on the same site as the previous temples and although the proposed design was traditional, the scope and budget surpassed any previous construction project except for those in Egypt and Babylon. The new temple was a massive structure and measured 425 feet (130 meters) in length an

24、d 225 feet (78 meters) wide; the 60 foot (18 meter) columns were set on a 10 foot (3 meter) base and surmounted by a wooden roof that added another 20 feet (6 meters) to the overall height. The base of the temple had fourteen pairs of columns on each side and six pairs on each end.A gold and ivory s

25、tatue of Artemis was the centerpiece of the temple but there were numerous other statues decorating the interior and exterior. The building was surrounded by beautifully landscaped gardens and glades full of wild beasts suitable for the habitat of Artemis as the Goddess of the Hunt.The temple suppor

26、ted a large staff of musicians as well as a choir and was well financed by Persian and Greek benefactors. The temple was a magnet for travelers and pilgrims not only because of its grandiose beauty but also because of its location in Asia Minor rather than on the Greek mainland. Persians, Greeks and

27、 Europeans revered the goddess Artemis and found a commonality in her worship.The city of Ephesus was devoted to the goddess and each spring there was a festival in her honor where contributions of jewels, gold, silver, silk and other valuable gifts were presented to the priests and priestesses. The

28、 city of Ephesus and the temple were plundered in 262 CE by the Goths. The temple was rebuilt but never restored to its former grandeur. Finally, in 401 CE, the Patriarch of Constantinople supervised the utter destruction of the temple. The remaining temple artifacts were looted and the massive ston

29、es were used to build churches and civic buildings.After hundreds of years of peaceful splendor, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus became relegated to the mist of legend and the once powerful symbol of Greek culture was doomed to be lost in time until the ruins were finally excavated in 1858 CE by th

30、e English engineer, John T. Wood.(Back to Top)Artemis is sometimes confused with the Roman goddess, Diana.Artemis and Apollon(Back to Top)Artemis in The Iliad(listed by book and line)The line numbers listed here correspond fairly well with the Lattimore and Murray/Wyatt translations of The Iliad. Ot

31、her translations (Fitzgerald, Fagles et al) do not correspond as well but, with a small amount of effort, you should be able to find the reference you need regardless of the translation you use. 05.051 - Artemis taught the Trojan, Skamandrios (Scamander), how to strike down all wild things in the mo

32、untain forest 05.053 - Artemis of the showering arrows could not help Skamandrios (Scamander) when he was killed at Troy 05.447 - Artemis and Leto heal Aineias (Aeneas) 06.205 - Glaukos (Glaucus) related the story of how Artemis killed Laodameia, the daughter of Bellerophontes (Bellerophon) 06.427 -

33、 Artemis killed Andromaches mother after Achilles had released her for ransom 09.532 - Artemis, of the golden chair, was angered at Oineus (Oeneus) for neglecting her in sacrifice and sent a boar to ravage the countryside 09.536 - Artemis, the daughter of great Zeus, was denied the first fruits by O

34、ineus (Oeneus) 09.538 - Artemis is called Lady of Arrows 09.547 - Artemis caused great anger when the boar was dead and the hunters argued over possession of the boars head 16.183 - Hermes fell in love with Polymele when he saw her dancing in the choir of clamorous Artemis 19.059 - Achilles wishes t

35、hat Artemis had killed Briseis instead of letting her become a point of dissention between himself and Agamemnon 20.040 - Apollon, Artemis, Aphrodite, Leto and Xanthos (Xanthus) fought on the side of the Trojans 20.071 - Artemis of the showering arrows stood against Hera when the Immortals entered t

36、he battle for Troy 21.470 - Apollons sister, Artemis, scolds him for not fighting Poseidon 21.472 - Artemis refers to Apollon as striker from afar 21.480 - Hera says that Artemis is shameless and bold for daring to stand against her in battle 21.491 - Hera grabs Artemis and knocks the bow and arrows

37、 from her shoulder; Artemis flees in tears 21.505 - Artemis, the maiden, bowed at the feet of Zeus 21.509 - Zeus speaks to Artemis and asks which of the gods has shamed her 21.511 - Artemis answers Zeus and says that Hera hit her during the fighting at Troy 24.604 - Achilles tells Priam about how Apollon had killed Niobes sons and Artemis had killed her daughters(Back to Top)Artemis in The Odyssey