六级考试(世上最全).doc

1、死亡拯救法 第一篇： 阅读理解题答案项特征 通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他(她)们就可以找到做题时的“第六感觉“ ，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。 (一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly 等。例(1) One of the great cha

2、nges brought about by the knowledge society is that _ .(1995 年 6 月六级题 22) A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant. B. peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take part-time jobs. D. people have to change their jobs

3、from time to time. (分析：四个选项中，C、D 两项中都含有“have to“，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。) 例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _ .(1991 年 6 月六级题 40) A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life. B. attention must be directed to the improvement of

4、recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. (分析：B、D 两项中均有 must be,语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。) (二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can, could,

5、 may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。 例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _ .(1999 年 6 月四级题 30) A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success

6、 often depends on ones social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America (分析：选项 B 中 often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。) 例(2) According to the passage the problems of college ed

7、ucation partly arise from the fact that _ . A. society cant provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education? C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out (分析

8、：答案项C 中有 have to, 语气太绝对化，故被排除。而 A 项中 cant 的语气则不十分绝对化，故为答案。)(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。 例(1) According to Dr. David, Americans _ .(1993 年 6 月六级题 32) A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit C. do not know how to relax themselves pro

9、perly D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep (分析：答案项中 A、D 两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。 B 项中有 often 一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。 ) 例(2) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996 年 1 月六级题 35) A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood B. Some day it will be difficult t

10、o tell a computer from a man C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter. (分析：A 项句子基本上是原文词句，C 项中有 already 一词，语气太绝对化，故 A、C 两项被排除。剩下 B、D 两项，而 D 项中有不十分肯定语气词 may not,故选 D。) (四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。

11、例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996 年 1 月六级题 25) A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers. B. Music cant be passed on to future generations unless its recorded. C. Folk songs cant be spread for unless

12、 they are printed on music sheet. D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect. (分析：根据短文内容可以看出，A、B、C 三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而 D 项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。 ) 例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _ . (1991 年 6 月六级题 22)? A. the teenagers criticism of their parents

13、B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents C. the dominance of the parents over their children D. the teenagers ability to deal with crisis (分析：短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母，认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而 B 项意思是年青人和父母间的误解；C 项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治；D 项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容，可以明确看出，B、C、D 三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的，而 A 项则较全面

14、地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思，故为答案。 ) (五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思) 一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。 例(1) The population in the 21st century _ , according to the writer . A. will be smaller than a few years ago B. will not be as small as people expect C. will prove to be a threat to the world D. will not constitute as s

15、erious a problem as expected (分析：选项 A、B 中都有 small 一词，该词在文中出现过，因而总觉肤浅，是字面之意。C 项明显与文章不符，而 D 项表达的意义比 small 要深刻得多。) 例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990 年 1 月六级题) A. to be more successful in his career B. to solve technical problems C. to be more specialized in his fi

16、eld D. to develop his professional skill (分析：题意是“从文中看出员工素质有助于人们 .。“ B 项题即“ 解决技术问题“ ；C 项意即“深化专业“；D 项“ 发展职业技能“。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而 A 项则概括地有深度，包括了 B、C、D 三项内容。) (六)选项中较符合常识的 ,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。 例(1) Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _ .(1999 年 1 月四级题 31) A. s

17、tressing their high quality B. unlinking him of their low price C. maintaining a balance between quality and price D. appealing to his buying motives (分析：题干问的是“ 广告会通过什么办法能劝说顾客买那些没用的产品？“A 项意思是通过强调质量，B 项意思是使顾客意识到其产品价格低，C 项意思是既考虑到质量又考虑到价格。这三项所表达的意思都是我们在看广告时能感受到的，生活中天天见到。故这样的选项一般不是答案。而 D 项意思是迎合了顾客购物心理，乍

18、一看还不太明白，不好理解。而这样的选项往往是正确答案。) 例(2) Raising children, in the authors opinion, is . (1998 年 6 月四级题 32) A. a moral duty B. a thankless job C. a rewarding task D. a source of inevitable pain (分析：题目问的是，“ 依作者观点，抚养孩子是 “。 依据我们日常生活所闻所见，抚养孩子就是 A. “一种道德责任 “ B.“不求回报的工作“ 。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务，是天经地 义的。这两项太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而

19、 C 项“求回报的事“ ，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。D 项有 inevitable 一词，语气太绝对化，故排除掉。 此外，在作者态度题中，象中立态度(neutral) 一般不是选项。在四个选项中，忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短，则此选项往往是正确选项。在两个选项中，如果除个别字外，其他部分完全一样，其中往往有一个是正确选项。“None of the above“往往是用作干扰项。) 第二篇： 各类题型干扰项特点 新闻记者理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。考生若掌握了这些题型干扰项的特点，也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项，做出正

20、确地选择。(一)主旨大意题干扰项特点。 (1)虽覆盖全文意思，但显得太笼统； (2)其内容太窄，不能覆盖全文内容，只是文章内容的一部分，或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节；3)与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖。 例(1) The author write this passage to _ .(1995 年 6月六级题 30) A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive C. demand equal rights for woman D.

21、 emphasize the importance of appearance (分析：文章中心意思是讲漂亮对女性的不利影响(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.)但 B 项表达的意思偏离了主题(不是提供建议) ，且不是对所有外貌有魁力的人而言的；C 项内容太笼统，太宽，不是讲女权平等；D 项内容与文章主旨相反。故选 A 项。)(二)细节题干扰项特点。 (1)与原句内容相反； (2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同； (3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化； (4)原文中根本没提到。 例(1) According to th

22、e passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996 年 1 月六级题 35) A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood. B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man? D. Future intelligent life ma

23、y not necessarily be made of organic matter. (分析：此题是一个细节判断题。A 项与原文内容相反，过于绝对化，原文是说由硅材料构成的计算机可能成为一种新的智慧生命，并不是说已经是。B 项内容原文中根本没提到。C 项说计算机的推理能力目前已超过人类，但原文内容只是说到 90 年代，第 6 代计算机的问世，其推理能力才与人类的大脑相匹配，而不是已超过，故与原文内容有出入。因此答案是 D 项。)(三)逻辑推理题干扰项特点 (1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句) 逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。 (2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头

24、，概括过度。例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didnt realize _ .(1993 年 6 月六级题 27) A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things B. the importance of the proper land use C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods D. the extraordinary rapid growth of po

25、pulation (分析：此题属从事实描述的基础上进行推理。短文主要讲了“环保是我们生活的一部分“ 。地下水位的重要性以及保护植被对保护源头的意义和充分利用江河中的水资源的意义。而文章开头就提出一种观点“我们要着手弥补先辈们的错误。“ 由此可推断出早期先辈们没有意识到水、土地、生物之间的相互依存关系，选 A 项。B 、C 项推理出的观点太窄，不能概括整段中心，D 项短文中根本没提到。 ) 例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of mu

26、sic _ .(1996 年 1 月六级题 24) A. has brought about an information revolution B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers C. has given rise to new forms of music culture D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments (分析：短文中句电子媒体本身是“信息革命“(information revolution)的一部分

27、，而 A 项说“ 导致、带来“(brought about)信息革命，属推理过头。文中还谈到计算机本身是一种电子媒体，而这种媒体又是音乐物质文化的一个更为重要的部分，而 B 项“加速新一代计算机的产生 “从逻辑上推不出来。D 项说导致了传统乐器的变革，而文中根本没提到 “traditional musical instruments“属不在事实基础上进行揄，故错。因此，选项 C 才是正确答案。) (四)观点态度题干扰项特点纵观历届四、六级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的(如 positive, support, useful, interesting

28、, admiring 等)要么是否定、批评、贬义性的 (如 disgust, critical, negative, disappointment 等)而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以此类题型中的中性词(如 indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均为干扰项。 由于近几年文章都是反映与社会联系紧密的，多为人们所担心的现象，故作者对这些社会现象持批评态度的较多。 例(1) The authors attitude toward the communications revolution is _ . (1

29、998 年 6 月六级题 25) (分析：答案是(B)critical 其它选项(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerant 均为干扰项。) 例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the authors _ . (1998 年 1 月六级题 30) A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangl

30、adesh. C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry industry in Bangladesh. (分析：答案选 C。表明作者的批语态度。) 例(3) The authors attitude towards the speakers remarks is _ .(1996 年 1月四级题 68) (分析：正确答案为 (C)critical, 其它选

31、项(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising 均为干扰项。 ) 第三篇： 紧急状况下的阅读答题方法 做好阅读理解题，最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么，各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文，以最快的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点，模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置，并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础上不能选出，再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读，直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后，最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看，检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或相冲突。如果有，及时订正；如果没有，可以

32、做下一篇文章。 但是，如果考生时间实在不够了而剩下一、两篇还没做，在此紧急状况下，该如何阅读答题呢？下面介绍一些临门一脚的诀窍。 (一)针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题句，也能答题。 例(1) The author writes this passage to _ .(1995 年 6 月六级题 30) A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive. B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractiv

33、e C. demand equal rights for woman D. emphasize the importance of appearance (分析：考生若没有时间看整个文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句话：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句话：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能选出正确答案

34、项 A。) 例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _ .(1991年 6 月六级题 40) A. better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation act

35、ivities than it did many years ago.? D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. (分析：此题主要考某一段的中心意思。考生苦看到了该段第一句话：Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使没有通读全段，考生也应能选出 A 项为正确答案。) ( 二 )若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号

36、、破折号)后内容出题，考生可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容，然后符号题。 例(1) Tish Sommers argues that _ . (1994 上 1 月六级题 28) A. older women find it hard to escape poverty. B. older women usually perform better in their jobs C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism D. more people have come to believe in sexism and

37、ageism. (分析：考生一看到题干，迅速到文章中找到 Tish Sommers 的位置，人名开头字母大写，容易找到，且有双引号引用了她的原话：“When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in“。考生只要看看新引用的话及前后句内容，就能选出正确答案 A 项。) 例(2) According to Dr. David, Americans _ . (1993 年 6 月六级题 32) A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life

38、 B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit C. do not know how to relax themselves properly D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep. (分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速从课文中找到，然后细读他所说的话:“people cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,“says Dr. David. “They think theyre key because they can

39、get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.“只要理解了这些话，考生应能选出 B 项。) (三)如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问，考生可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到时要交卷，而能做出的题因时间不足而瞎猜。 例(1) In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _ .(1996 年 1 月六级题 26) (建议：

40、考生看完第一段就做此题，不必看后面内容) 例(2) From the third paragraph, we can leard that _ .(建议：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答题。) (四)针对词汇题，考生可只看词汇所在句和前后句内容即可答题，因为对单词字义的揣测，一般只通过单词所在句或前后句内容就能猜出。 例(1) The word “dubious“(Line. 2)most probably means _ .(1990 年 1 月六级题 33) Avaluable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful (分析：对“dubious“一词词义的揣测，可根据该

41、单词所在句和其前面一句话即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 从这两句可猜出 dubious 是含有贬义、否定语气的，故选 C。) 例(2) The word “hassles“ in the passage (Line 4) probably means _ .(1993 年

42、6 月六级题 24) A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels (分析：判断“hassles“意思，可从该词所在句前后句判断出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 从前后句意思及介词 over, 考生可猜出“hassles“就是 quarrels。)