六级阅读难句分析.doc

1、四、六级阅读难句分析1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.分析：by 短语有两个动名词短语：feeding them the sweetener 和 injecting them with a drug, 而 a drug的定语从句中又包含了“连词 while+现在分词“结构。1）从语义方面看，conditioned 意为“使形成

2、条件反射“，conditioned mice to avoid saccharin 意为“使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射“；2）the sweetener 指 saccharin.译文：1975 年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家 Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。2. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important re

3、sponsibility?分析：主从复合句，thatresponsibility 是 recognition的同位语从句，从句的主语是动名词短词 protecting mankinds great treasure. 1）industry 此处指“公司，企业“。如前文中的 industrial denial指“来自企业或公司的拒绝。2）the single most important 意为“惟一最重要的“，single 在此表示强调。译文：企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？3. If ever there will be time for environm

4、ental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.分析：注意本句的表达及 ever的强调意义。If ever there will be time for , that time is now. 这一句型是个很有用的句型，表达时能经常用得上。如：If ever there will be time for you to revenge yourself, that time is now. 如果

5、你要复仇，现在正当其时。译文：如果说有需要环保专业人员站同来担负起领导责任的最佳时机的话，现在可谓是正当其时。4. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical of European universities.“分析：本句中谓语动词 agrees的内容是前句中对扩大招生的怀疑态度，现在分词

6、短语 complaining that 说明原因，介词短语 will表示结果，说明现在分词短语。译文：泰晤士报对此有同感，它抱怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国这家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式。“5. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.分析：应注意，based on their electrical signatures 不应看作过去分词短语作 odors的定语，而应看作形容词

7、短语作状语说明 sorts out. 1)current changes, 从上下文看指“电流的变化“。）log 作名词意为“航海（或飞行）日志“，作动词为“把记入航海（飞行）日志“此处引申为“记录“。6. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make sense to add dozens of new man-made ones.分析：句中 it是形式主语，不定式短语 to add dozens of new manmade ones是真实主语。1）if 此处等于 even if，表示让步而非条件。2）make

8、 sense 意为“讲得通，有意义“。此处可理解为“有道理“。译文：尽管食品中已经含有了天然的致癌物质，但是，再人为地增加一些有毒物质也是很不应该的。7. By studying mineral grains found in materials ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back , including .分析：本句较长，应注意几个现在分词短语的作用。Ranging from修饰materials,

9、而 dating back和 including修饰 reversals.1)mineral grains: 矿物颗粒 2）clay articles: 陶器，articles 此处指“物件“3）此外，应注意 reversals和 switch是同义替换，都指“polarity reversal“.译文：通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确认早在 1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在 73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。8. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such

10、as meteor impacts.分析：1）link sth. to sth. else 意为：“将某物与另一物联系起来“，此处可理解为“将归因于“2）flips 此处是 polarity reversals的同义说法。3）impact: 物理学上指“撞击，冲击，碰撞“，此处不应理解为“影响“9. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.本保存涉及了认知学方面的重要原理，即：人们能

11、够学习的原因是：人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。换言之，如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励，他重复这种行为；如果他的某一行为带给他的是惩罚，他会避免这种行为。为了获得鼓励，避免惩罚，人会努力去做他人认可的事情，从而不断进步。 10. Out of our emotional experiencescomes a social feeling of agreement that, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-fromtowill accept.分析：本句由 and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句为保持句子平衡

12、而采用了倒装语序，将介词短语置于句首，主语置于句尾；第二个分句中破折号后的fromto结构比较大，用于说明动词 apply的范围。此外，第一分句中的 that从句是 agreement的同位语从句。11. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends.分析：1）从上下文看，the current crisis 显然指前句内容，即has increasingly catered to narrow-minded careeri

13、sm while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.2）此外，contend 此处意为“坚持认为，坚决主张“3）derive from:“起源，由来，来源于“，表示因果关系 4）legitimate:本义指“合法的“，此处可理解为“合理的，正确的“。译文：报告坚持认为，当前高校面临的危机不是由将知识运用于生产这一指导思想导致的，这一思想是完全正确的。 12. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention ha

14、s been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.分析：“for all+句词短语“结构表示“尽管“。译文：然而，尽管人们正在大谈特谈即将到来的令人神往的科技王国，却很少有人意识到这些技术发展对发展中国家意味着什么。13. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market, -with destructive imp

15、act on the have -nots.分析：过去分词短语 make possible by information technology修饰主语The electronic economy. With 介词短语说明整个句子，表示结果。14. Home schoolers habor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herd-like approach to teachin

16、g children.分析：现在分词短语 chargingto teaching children作伴随情况状语，that range fromto teaching children 是修饰 shortcomings 的定语从句。Charging shortcomings 是 charge sb. sth. 结构的变体，意为“把归咎于“。1）home schoolers 在本文中指 advocates of home-schooling, “家庭教育倡导者“。2）herd-like approach to teaching children: 放牧式的教育儿童的方法。Approach 意为“

17、方法，方式“。15. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of programming within which the commercial is buries.分析：本句是一个主从复合句，定语从句 that are highly different fromthe commercial is buried中，又含有一个定语从句 within which the commercial is buried，后者修饰 programming.

18、bury本文为“埋葬，掩盖“，这里指在正常节目中插播广告。16. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests.分析：应注意本句的主语是 The actand policies, 过去分词短语 designed to protect species living areas修饰 The act，定语从句 that preserve land and forests修饰 policies.1

19、)compete with: 与对抗，竞争。2）economic interests: 经济利益。此处 interests不应理解为“兴趣“。译文：这一旨在保护动物生活场所的法案以及一些保护土地及森林的政策却与经济利益相抵触。 17. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable这是一个省略句，可作如下补充：You say that is un-American, unfair and extremely unbelieveable? That指第二段的内容，即 the conclusion和社会学家的数据表明的情况。18. O

20、nce again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary.分析：虽然句子较短，但应识别出 mouthingthe contrary作宾语补足语。本句的难点在于理解 mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary的隐含之义。其字面意思是“嘴上说虔诚，做的却相反“，隐含之义是“心口不一，言行不一“。19. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for ou

21、r own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry.“分析：形容词短语 Not content withour own population, 说明 the factory farming industry，其中的不定式短语 to produce food补充说明claim.1)be content with 意为“满足于“如：Not content with having

22、 overthrown the government, the military dictator imprisoned all his opponents. 那个军事独裁者不满足于推翻政府，还把所有的反对者囚禁起来。2）factory farming industry 指工业化家禽养殖业。3）argue 这里的意思是“用辩解证明，论证“。20. then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies.分析：本句是一个倒装句，主语是 the weakening of against major currencies

23、. 1)weakening这里指美元的“疲软“，即“外汇交易中比价下跌“2）major currencies: 世界其他主要货币译文：其次，美元对世界其他主要货币的比价下跌。21. Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994.分析：1）破折号之间的内容旨在说明 bottom retail p

24、rices. 2)who引导的定语从句为非限定性定语从句，翻译时，可考虑将其译成单独的句子。Bottom retail prices: 最低的零售价格。注意 bottom作形容词，表示“最低的“。如：bottom salary 最低工资；bottom price 底价。译文：比欧洲和亚洲低 30%70%的零售价格吸引了约四千七百万的游客于 1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留下了 79亿美元的收入。22. It is said that because Senator Hart discovered that the boxesconsumed bywere becoming, with a

25、 decline of net weight, without any reduction in price.分析：本句较长，首先应把握其主句句型：It is said that. 此外要注意作为真实主语的 that从句中含有 because引导的原因状语从句，其中又含有that引导的宾语从句。最后，应注意过去分词短语 consumed by表被动，修饰the boxes, 以及 with和 without短语同时说明宾语从句的谓语动词 were becoming.译文：参议员哈特一家在购买合装麦片时发现，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，然而价格却分文未降据说，由此在公众和议会中引发

26、了一场关于欺骗性商品包装的轩然大波。 23. The producersargue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no oneimproving a products market position.分析：注意句中的 the huge costs有两个修饰成分：分词短语 incurred by和定语从句 that are used for。换言之，定语从句 that are used for不是修饰 net weights的。1）argue against

27、: oppose, “反对“。2）even 意为“相等的，同样的“，even weights and volumes 即“与从前相等的重量和体积“。3）trade 在这里是“行业“的意思，与 industry同义。注意：作“行业“讲的trade是可数名词，作“贸易“讲的 trade是不可数名词。24. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.分析：本句结构并不十分复杂，只需注意两个 that

28、引导的定语从句即不难把握全句的结构。1）staff 的本义为“为配备人员“，此处引申为“担负起责任，完成任务“之意。如：a finely-staffed school 一所师资力量雄厚的学校。2）process 本义为“过程，工序“，此处意为“生产过程，生产流程“。25. The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject.分析：1）shaky 意为“摇摇晃晃的，不稳的，危险的“。2）with respect to 表示“关于，就页言“。本句从结构、甚至用词来看，并不深奥难懂，关

29、键是要读出其隐含之意。全句的字面意思是：传记作家不得不在与传主所处的摇摆不定的位置之间跳来跳去。隐含之义为：传记作家必须与传主保持适当距离，并要时常调整与传主间的距离。26. In book promotions, the “unauthorized“ characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress.分析：1）promotions: 此处意为“宣传，促销“。In book promotions 意为“在为书作宣传时“。2）suggests

30、此处意为“意味着“。3）prospect 本义为“前景，前途“，此处可引申为“可能（性）“。4）juicy gossip: 绘声绘色、添油加醋的秘闻。Juicy 本义为“多汁的“，此处意为“有滋味有味的，绘声绘色的“。Gossip 指“有关个人隐私的闲言碎语。“27. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.分析：1）however 表示的转折是

31、本句与上文的转折。2）as muchas 结构表示“像一样多的“。Attachment 在这里的意思是“依恋，依赖“。译文：然而，在日本，由于婴儿从小背在母亲背上，他们对眼睛的依恋就不如生长在其他文化环境中的孩子那样深。28. It is important that they be looking at 注意虚拟语气的这种用法。在 it be+形容词+that 从句结构中，当形容词是important, essential, desirable, necessary, natural imperative, advisable, fair, just, right时，that 从句中用虚拟语

32、气。如：It is essential that he (should) be prepared for this.他对此有所准备是很有必要的。29. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintainance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: 分析：找句子主干时应注意名词从句在句中作主语，因此主语的谓语动词是becomes.译文：当谈话双方戴着墨镜时，双方的目当接触在保持交谈顺利进行方面的重要性就不

33、言而喻了。30. Unlike other lawbreakers, whocomputer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that分析：现在分词短语 demandingthat作伴随情况状语。此外，demand 后面的 that引导的宾从句中用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should 可省略。译文：其他的违法者或者逃亡国外，或者自杀，或者进监狱。计算机犯罪分子却不同，他们可以逃避惩罚，并且要挟不要指控他们，甚对还要求为他们出具有利的推荐信或者为

34、他们提供其他好处。他们的要求往往能够得到满足。31. The possibility of increasesin addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market.分析：1）provisions 这里意为“措施，防备“。Greater safety provisions 意为“进一步的安全措施。2）price 这里用作动词，意思是“由于抬价过高而“。如：price ones goods out of the market 漫天要价以致失去市场32. Hav

35、ing weighed up the argumentsreasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.分析：现在分词 having weighed up表示时间先后。Weigh up 本义为“称“，此处引申为“估量，权衡“。Arguments 意为“论据，论点“。33. Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who分析：we reach 是 the conclusions的定语从句；介词短语 by providi

36、ng clues to表示方式；三个 who引导的从句作介词 to的宾语。译文：人们的穿着能够暗示人们是什么样的人，不是什么样的人，或可能会是什么样的人，因此，在我们判断一个人时起着关键作用。34. Coleman concludes thatso common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it wont secure you the big promotion.分析：本句是一个多重主从复合句：that 引导的宾语从句中含有 sothat结构，该结构中 that引导的结果状语从句部分

37、又由一个 while引导的让步状语从句构成。Secure sb. sth. 意为：“为某人弄到某物“。如：secure him the job帮他得到那份工作；secure sb. a ticket 替某人弄一张票。35. Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think that they play down their visibility.分析：本句的 sothat结构中含有一个 that people will think从句作frightened的宾语。1)play down: “降低，贬低“。2）visib

38、ility 本义为“可见度“，此处根据上下文可理解为“露面，显示“。译文：大多数女职员和黑人职员害怕人家说自己是因为性别或种族才得到提拔的，因此，他们尽量不去抛头露面。36. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Long-man dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspecti

39、ves of the English-speaking world.分析：本句中的原因状语从句较长，应注意 hesitate about doing sth.的结构，其意思是“对做某事犹豫不决“，与 hesitate to do sth.功能相同。1） stand 这里意为“以得起，经受得住“。 2）vigorous 本义为“ 精力充沛的，强有力的 “，此处可理解为“严格的“3 ）bias: “偏见，成见，倾向性“译文：因此牛津词典比朗曼词典更经得起对文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是以说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。 37. In reality, though, the BBC dictionary, as will the other two dictionaries.分析：as 在此有比较，引导一个比较从句。 In reality 意为“事实上，实际上“。译文：实际上，BBC 词典将拥有比另外两本词典更广的读者群。