1、戰國秦漢之周易象數學概況江弘遠摘 要一、 易傳象數方面卦象的來源,第一層是卦象模擬物象,第二層是卦象模擬情意,卦爻與問卜者有內在分別意識上之連結。庖犧取象經過人之主體意識的需要和能力為標準來衡量,所呈現的概念都是二元的。在易傳裡,天與地的相對性乃是一切相對性的根源,所以天地之間或乾坤的交替變化,表達出事物的統攝性。此交替變化產生了次序 ,相加產生了累計 ,於是有數 。 時的概念也是具次序 累計之條件,是從數發展而來。而對半剖分源自陰陽二元,這就與天道銜接了。在易傳思想看來,空間的位必然與時相應,顯現在卦爻的象必然與某數相契合。二、陰陽五行方面今本卦象卦名在春秋時代皆已具備。卦名從卦象逞其想像而
2、得,卦名既然已完備,卦象當然是從奇偶符號而來。足見最晚到春秋時期,六十四卦已是如同今本周易的陰陽符號形式。 五行說的構成,乃從民並用之生活經驗來。五此種概括,屬於人與環境之經驗構築的地道範疇。這與陰陽原義在視覺上明暗對比而衍生之天道範疇,其概念發生的在起點是不一樣的。證明了以萬物出乎震八卦方位解釋“帝出乎震”並不出現在戰國時,其時與位的概念也未和五行說相配。將八卦配以五行當承乾鑿度之說而來。今本說卦傳所說相同的八卦方位與五行整合,是源自魏相這套系統。關鍵詞:陰陽、五行、八卦、道。The Waring States, Chin, Han Dynastys the general situatio
3、n of the Book of Changes about Symbols and Maths. Hong-Yuan JiangAbstractDivinatory symbols have inherent connection with diviner in parting conscious. The first is to simulate matter, the second is to simulate affection. Pao-Shi got symbols to pass through mens the principal conscious which measure
4、d with a standard for demand and ability. The conscious to show is binary.The Book of Changess Commentaries theory says that the heaven-earths relativity Shall be the root of any other relativity. So the Chan-Kuns changes bring sequence and to increase bring to add up. The time conscious are also developing from in the condition of sequence and adding up.Key words: Yin-Yang, Concept of the five elements, the Eight Diagrams in Chinese, the Path.