1、 英语三级考试:容易混淆的词汇 1 able, capable, competentable 为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是 be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有 able 表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a
2、 very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)competent 指“ 胜任” ,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)2 aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers a
3、re boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.3 accept, receiveaccept 接受,receive“ 接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)4accident, incident, eventaccident 事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)incident“附带事件” ,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事
4、变。event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attainaccomplish 表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing 形式,表示在一个
5、活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:Ill finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如: You will achieve success if you work hard.Attain 达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.6. accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate 准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stati
6、ons should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)correct“正确的” ,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“ 无错误的”意味。它的反义词是 incorrect, wrong.exact“精确的” ,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确” 更进一步,表“丝毫不差” 。它的反义词是 inexact。precise 强调“精确” ,“精密”。 6. accuse, charge, sueaccuse 指责,指控,常与 of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与 with 搭配。如: The police charged
7、the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与 for 搭配。如: Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.7. achieve, acquire, require, inquireachieve(成功地)完成,实现。如: He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)acquire 取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)inquire 打听,询问。如:inquire a pers
8、ons name(问一个人的姓名)require 需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)8. act, action, deedact 用作名词时,与 action, deed 均可表“ 行为”,“举动”。Act 指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)action 较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more impo
9、rtant than words. (行动比语言更重要。)deed 为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如: They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)9actual, true, real, genuineactual 意为“实际的”,“ 现实的 ”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。genuine “真的 ”,“非冒充的”,“ 货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。10adequate, enough, sufficientadequate 足够的,指
10、数量多,适合需要的数量。enough 足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。sufficient 同 enough,常可互换使用。但 sufficient 指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用 enough,在书面语中常用 sufficient,在不易肯定时多用 enough。Enough 可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient 则不可这么用。11admit, confess两者都表“承认” 。admit 指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)Confess
11、 常指承认错误,罪行等。如: The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。) 13advice,advise advice 劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.advise 劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?14adopt, adaptadopt ()收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决
12、定收养一个小女孩。)()采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)adopt 与 adapt 词形相近,后者的意思是 “使适合”,“改编 ”等。15advance, proceed, progress均可表“前进”。advance 表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleons army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)proceed 强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦
13、敦往巴黎前进。)peogress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)16advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如 Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)be
14、nefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如: I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)17advise, convince, persuade均可表“劝说”。advise 表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)convince 指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)persuade 指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)18affect, effectaffect 影响(动词)。如 Smoking affects health.effect 效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
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