中考英语复习完全导航辅导资料之三数词、形容词和副词.doc

1、中考英语复习系列之三 数词、形容词和副词一、中考对数词和形容词知识要求：中考对数词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握 1-100 的基数词和序数词的构成及其主要用法；2、掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式及其与之相应的介词搭配；3、掌握日常交际活动中涉及到的数字的表达方法；4、了解数词的某些特殊用法。 中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握比较级和最高级的一般构成规则；2、掌握比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式；3、掌握比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法；4、掌握形容词做表语和定语的用法；5、掌握常用副词在句中的位置，并了解其意义。二、数词考察点分项说明：数词分为基数词和序数词两类，表示数量多少的数词是

2、基数词，如 one（一），two（二），seven（七）等，表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词，如 the first（第一），the second（第二），the seventh（第七）。在对数词进行复习的时候，同学们首先要会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的时间表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题。 （一）、序数词一般由基数词加-th 构成，100 以内的基本的序数词如下：（二）、序数词的构成及用法：1、以下几个序数词较为特殊：first（第一） second（第二） third（第三） fifth（第五） eighth（第八） ninth（第九） twelfth（第十二）2、以

3、-ty 结尾的基数词变为序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数的基数词尾的-ty 变成-ti，然后再加-eth.如：twenty twentieth （第二十）eighty eightieth （第八十）3、基数词“几十几”变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位不变。如：thirty-two thirty-second （第三十二）seventy-five seventy-fifth （第七十五）4、序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：fifth 5th second 2nd 5、序数词前通常要用定冠词 the。6、hundred, thousand, million

4、, billion 等词在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加 s，构成复数形式，前面不能加具体的数字。如：three hundred seats 三百个座位hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的（三）与数词有关的时间表达法：1、钟点表示法： 顺读法 如：1:15 one fifteen 3:30 three thirty 倒读法(用 past / to 表示) 如： 1:15 a quarter past one3:30 half past thre

5、e7:56 four to eight表示钟点只用基数词，并且钟点前用介词 at。2、日期表示法： 英语中日期的排列顺序是：星期、月、日、年如： 2003 年 3 月 17 日，星期一Monday, March the 17th, 2003. 在具体某一天前用介词 on3、世纪、年代表示法（在）90 年代 (in) the nineties（在）19 世纪 (in) the nineteenth century（在）18 世纪 30 年代 (in) 1730s 或 1730s（四）、基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起，构成复合形容词，修饰名词。如： a twelve-year-o

6、ld boy 一个十二岁的男孩 a five-mile race一次五英里的赛跑三、形容词和副词考察点分项说明：形容词用于修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词，又可修饰形容词，其它副词，甚至整个句子。（一）形容词和副词级的变化：大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：比较级： 比较.，更.一些最高级： 最.1、一般构成规律：例 词 词的特征 变 化 原 级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词 直接加-er, -est stronghigh strongerhigher strongesthighest 以e 结尾的词 加-r, -st widenice widernicer

7、widestnicest 以单个辅音字母（非 r）结尾的单音节词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est fatthin fatterthinner fattestthinnest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 变 y为 i，再加-er,-est heavyhappy heavierhappier heaviesthappiest 少数以-er, -ow 结尾的双音节词 直接加-er; -est clevernarrow cleverernarrower cleverestnarrowest 多数双音节词多音节词和源于分词的形容词 在原级前加 more, most stupiddiffic

8、ulttired more stupidmore difficultmore tired most stupidmost difficultmost tired 2、常见的不规则变化：原 级 比较级 最高级 good well better best bad badly ill worse worst many much more most little less least far fartherfurther farthestfurthest old olderelder oldesteldest 3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法：原级的用法：肯定句型：as + 形容词（副词）原

9、级 + as 意思是 “与一样”The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。否定句型：not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级 +as 意思是“不如“Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。比较级的用法：1、比较级+thanPeter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。The car is mo

10、re beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。2、形容词比较级前可用 much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little 等修饰。Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越.”It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越.就越.”The harder y

11、ou study, the faster you make progress. 你学习越努力，进步就越快。5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个都更”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）He is more stupid than any other student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。She is taller than any other girl in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。最高级的用法：1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, of, among 或用从句修饰的句

12、子中。 This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最的”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。The park is the third largest one in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最之一”America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富

13、有的国家之一。One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。4、形容词最高级前一定要用 the，而副词最高级前可省略。The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。（二）、常用副词在句中的位置：1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国

14、见面了。Its raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。Last year they met in China.3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：（1）实义动词之前：I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。（2）be

15、 动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。四、巩固练习一、单项选择1. of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A. Two-third B. Second-third C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds2. Where are they going to have the meeting? In .A. 204 Room B. Room 204C. the room 204

16、 D. the Room 2043. What is the time? Its (4:25).A. four twenty-five B. four past twenty-fiveC. twenty-five to four D. four twenty five4. Please give us .A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of waterC. two glasses water D. two glasses of water5. Light is faster than an ordinary plane.A. two million

17、time B. millions of timeC. three millions times D. millions of times6. There are seasons in a year. The season is spring.A. four, one B. fourth, first C. fourth, one D. four, first7. She has a baby.A. ten-months-old B. ten months-oldC. ten-months-olds D. ten-month-old8. It took them to finish the wo

18、rk last year.A. two and a half months B. two month and a halfC. a half and two months D. two months and half9. Whats the date today? Its .A. July five B. July the fiveC. July fifty D. July the fifth10. There are in the room.A. four box of oranges B. four boxes of orangeC. four box oranges D. four bo

19、xes of oranges11. I dont feel very today.A. good B. better C. nice D. well12. He didnt go there with me, she didnt .A. too B. either C. neither D. also13. Our hall is theirs.A. twice as large as B. twice so large asC. as twice large as D. twice more than14. John did in the exam, Tom did even .A. bad

20、, worse B. more bad, more worseC. badly, worst D. badly, worse15. Your mother wont be angry with you, will she? I hope .A. so B. it C. not D. no16. The villagers had rain this year than last year.A. less B. least C. little D. lesser17. She is than Mary.A. older two years B. old two yearsC. two years

21、 old D. two years older18. He says that he will pay a price for the house.A. tall B. taller C. high D. highest19. They have held three meetings this week .A. alone B. lonely C. ever D. just20. How do you go to the South Lake?A. often B. long C. soon D. fast21. This is really a news.A. surpring B. su

22、rprised C. be surprised D. surprise22. Dont make noise. Please keep .A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. more quietly23. He bought from a shop.A. an old black wood round table B. a round old black wood tableC. an old round black wood table D. a round black wood old table24. arent so happy as .A. The rich/poor B. Rich/the poorC. Rich/poor D. The rich/the poor25. Can you finish the work with money and people?A. lessless B. littlefewC. fewerfewer D. lessfewer26. Do you have money to buy the colour TV set?