刘毅10000词汇学习笔记.doc

1、大家网 www.TopS 1刘毅 10000 词汇学习笔记 lesson 1(1)1. abdomen：part of the body below the chest and diaphragm, containing the stomach.腹部abdominal (adj)腹部的 an abdominal operation 腹部手术belly：( 口) front of the human body from the waist to the groin; belly 肚子，胃with an empty belly 空着肚子in the belly of a ship 在船腹里bell

2、y out (动词用法 )：鼓涨，凸出 The wind bellied out the sails2. bereave：使某人丧失(尤指亲属) bereave sb of sb an accident which bereaved him of his wife 使他丧失妻子的事故the bereaved husband 死了妻子的男人the bereaved 丧失亲人的人bereavement (n)：丧亲之痛，丧失亲人deprive：take sth away from sb; prevent sb from enjoying or using sth 剥夺 sb/sth的 sth;阻止

3、某人享有或使用 sth deprive sb/sth of sth deprive of ones civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权deprivation (n)：剥夺；贫困；被剥夺的事物widespread deprivation 普遍贫困Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错失假日是极大的损失.deprived (adj)：贫困的，穷苦的 deprived childhood 贫苦的童年3. consecrate：devote sth/sb to or reserve sth/sb for a special (esp reli

4、gious) purpose 把 sth/sb 献给 sth/sb 做某种(尤其宗教)用途 consecrate sth/sb to sth consecrate ones life to the service of God, to the relief of suffering 献身于为神服务( 解除世人痛苦) 的事业devote：give ones time, energy to sth/sb; dedicate 为某人付出，向某人奉献，献身于 devote oneself/sth to sb/sth devoted (adj)：热爱的，非常忠实的，全心全意的 a devoted son

5、 孝子She is devoted to her children.她深爱她的孩子.devotee (n)：献身于某事物的人，热心者，某事物的迷恋者；某一宗派的拥护者 a devotee of sport devotion (n)： devotion to sth/sb 深爱，忠心，忠诚4. evoke：bring to mind (a feeling, memory)引起或唤起情感，记忆produce or cause (a response, reaction)产生或引起(回应，反应)evocation (n)：invoke：use as a reason for ones action

6、援用(sth) 为行动依据或理由beg for sth by praying 以祷告祈求某事物The government has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having thebook banned.政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书.invocation (n): invocation to sb 求助于神或法律大家网 www.TopS 25. groove：沟，槽，纹习语：get into a groove 养成某种生活习惯furrow：犁沟，垄沟(v)(尤用被动语态)犁，使起皱纹newly furrowed fields 刚犁过的田地6. jo

7、lt：( 使某人某物)颠簸着移动The old bus jolted along 旧公共汽车颠簸而行jolt sb into/out of sth：使某人受到震惊而采取某种行动He was jolted out of his lethargy and into action when he realized he had only a short time to finish the article.他意识到须在很短的时间里就得把文章写完，立即振作精神写起来.joggle：使某人/某物轻轻摇动7. obsolete：不再使用的，过时的antiquated：(通常做贬义)过时的，废弃的8. pr

8、owl：小心的悄悄移动；悄悄行经(某处)；about/around 徘徊wild animals prowling in the forest 在森林里轻轻行走的野兽I could hear him prowling around in his bedroom all night.我听到他整夜在卧室里踱来踱去.rove：漂泊，流浪，漫游bands of hooligans roving round the streets 成群结伙在街上游荡的流氓习语：have a roving eye 时刻寻找着调情或做风流事的机会9. scoop：用铲、勺挖scoop sth out up 铲出，挖出sho

9、vel：用铲铲进 shovel sth into10. status：地位身份职位situation：状况，处境，局面，形势位置situation comedy 情景喜剧11.：sue 对某人提起诉讼，控告某人 sue sb for sth 控告某人要求 sthIf you dont complete the work, I will sue you for damages.如果你不把工作做完，我就要控告你支付赔偿.sue for sth (常用于法庭上) 请求 sue for peace 请求和解indict：( 就某事 )控告，起诉或告发某人 indict sb for sthHe was

10、 indicted for murder.他被控杀人.刘毅 10000 词汇学习笔记 lesson 1(2)1. bandit： member of a gang of armed robbers 土匪强盗banditry (n)：盗匪行径大家网 www.TopS 3brigand：( 旧)土匪，强盗 (尤指在山林中抢劫旅客的 )2. commemorate ：keep a great person or event in peoples memories 纪念(伟人，大事件等)；指( 雕像，纪念碑等)作为对某人某事的纪念We commemorate the founding of our n

11、ation with a public holiday.我们放假一天以庆祝国庆.This memorial commemorates those who died in the war.这座纪念碑是纪念战争中的牺牲者的.celebrate：mark (a hapy or important day, event) with festivities and rejoicing 庆祝，祝贺celebrated (adj)：著名的，驰名的3. defile：( 文或修辞) make sth dirty or impure 使某物肮脏或不纯rivers defiled by pollution 受污染

12、的河流(特) march in single file or a narrow column 指部队单行或纵队前进defilement (n)：污损，弄脏infect：(尤用于被动语态)使某人/某物传染，感染，污染某人/某物 infect sb/sth withThe laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria.实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染.infection (n)：with sth 传染，感染 the infection of the body with bacteria 身体受细菌侵染.4. deviation：(f

13、rom sth) not following the normal or expected course、plan 偏离正常或原定的路线，计划；偏差deviation from the rules 违背规则deviate (v)：(from sth)偏离路线，标准；背离deviationism (n)：政治上的离经叛道delegate：(sb to sth)挑选或委派某人作代表；挑选或委派某人执行；将(权利、职责)委托给下级，授权给；delegate sb to a conference 委托某人作代表出席会议The new manager was delegated to reorganiz

14、e the department.派这位新经理重新组织该部门.The job had to be delegated to an assistant.这项工作得交给助手去做.delegation (n)：代表，委托5. fortitude：(在痛苦、危险或困难面前表现出的)勇气、坚韧和自制力He bore the pain with great fortitude.他以极大得毅力忍受了痛苦 .endurance：忍耐力He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.他生病得整个过程都表现出非凡的忍耐力.(特) endurance 作定

15、语 endurance test 耐力测验endurable (adj)可忍耐的，可容忍的大家网 www.TopS 4enduring (adj)持续的，持久的6. inconsolable：that cannot be comforted 不能安慰的，无法慰藉的The children were inconsolable when their father died.这些孩子因为丧父而悲伤不已.console sb on/for sth 安慰，慰问某人 Nothing could console him when his pet died.consolatory (adj)：安慰的，慰问的d

16、epress (v)：make sb sad and without enthusiasm 使某人忧愁、消沉、沮丧；将某物压下，推下，拉下；(尤指贸易)不活跃，不景气Wet weather always depresses me.我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒.depress a piano key 按下钢琴键depress sales 使销售额下降depressed (adj)：忧愁的，沮丧的，消沉的depressing (adj)：令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的7. nibble：(at sth)小口咬某物，轻咬；对(好意，提议)谨慎的表示有意接受fish nibbling (at) the bait 鱼

17、轻咬鱼饵He nibbled at my idea, but would not make a definite decision.他对我的想法颇感兴趣，但不做出决定.bite：(into sth)咬某人(某物)She bit into the apple.她咬了一口苹果.8. pageant：盛装的游行，露天演出的历史剧；壮丽的场面，伟观pageantry (n)：壮丽的展示，盛况exhibition：展览，展览会(习语) make an exhibition of oneself (贬)当中出丑，出洋相9. scourge：(用以打人的)鞭子；(比喻)引起灾害的事物或人(v)鞭打The n

18、ew boss was the scourge of the inefficient.新老板来了以后，不称职的人就遭殃.disaster：灾难，灾祸；失败；( 口语)彻底失败的人或事物As a teacher, he is a disaster.他是个很糟糕的教师.disastrous (adj)：灾难性的，造成灾害的，失败的10. tumble：使某人倒下或坠落(尤指身不由己或猛劲儿)，但通常并无重伤tumble down the stairs 从楼梯上摔下fall：落下，跌落fall down/over ：倒下(尤指突然间)，倒塌fall away/off 向下倾斜fall into st

19、h 进入某种状态，变成刘毅 10000 词汇学习笔记 lesson 1(3)1、afflict：(v 通常用于被动语态)使某人某物苦恼、疼痛或悲伤sb/sth with sth大家网 www.TopS 5Severe drought has afflicted the countryside.严重的干旱使乡村深受其害 .She is afflicted with (suffers from) arthritis.她患关节炎.affliction (n)疼痛，折磨，悲痛；造成痛苦的事物 help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人distress：(通常用于被动语态)给某人某

20、物带来痛苦，悲伤，苦难，贫困，困苦，危难等(n)极大的痛苦，悲伤，苦难等(的缘由) ；贫困，困苦；危难，困境Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress.马拉松比赛接近终点时，有些参赛者显出极难受的样子.Her death was a great distress to the family.她去世后全家人极为悲痛.A ship in distress 遇险的船distressful (adj)distressing (adj)令人痛苦的，令人苦恼的2、censure： (v)严厉批评某人，正式

21、责备某人(n) strong criticism or condemnation 指责，谴责，斥责Two MPs were censured by the speaker.有两个议员遭到议长的斥责.Pass a vote of censure on sb 通过对某人的不信任投票blame：(v)责备，责怪，指责，归咎于sb for/on sthIf you fail the exam youll only have yourself to blame.你若考试不及格，只能怪你自己.(谚) A bad workman blames his tools.拙匠埋怨工具差.(习) be to blam

22、e for sth 对某坏事应负责，应受责备 .Which driver was to blame for the accident？3、dissimulate：(v) hide or disguise ones thought or feelings; dissemble 隐藏，掩盖思想感情；假装dissimulation (n)deceive：(v)sb/oneself into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事，使自己信以为真去做某事We were deceived into believing that he could help us.我们被骗了，还以为他能帮助我们.deceive

23、r (n)骗子deception (n)欺骗， deception on the public 欺骗公众deceptive (adj)可能欺骗的，导致误解的4、flog (v)重重责打某人( 尤指用棍棒或鞭子)；( 口) 卖给某人某物sth to sb flogging (n)打，鞭笞spank (v)掴( 尤指小孩)(尤指打屁股惩罚)spank a childs bottom 掴小孩的屁股(n)掴；掴在屁股上的第一巴掌5、inscribe：(v)在某物上写、题(诗句，名字等)(尤指做正式的永久性的记录)A on/in BB with A inscription (n)题字，题名，铭文capt

24、ion (n)杂志，文章重的标题、题目；附于照片、插图上的说明文字；电影或电视上的字幕6、meddle (v)(贬)干预，干涉，管闲事 in sth ；乱动、瞎动不应动的事情 with sth大家网 www.TopS 6Dont meddle in my affairs.别管我的事.Whos been meddling with my papers？谁乱翻了我的文件？meddlesome (adj)好干预，好管闲事的meddler (n)干预者，爱管闲事的人，瞎摆弄的人intervene (vi)指人干涉，调停，调解，斡旋in sthbetween A and B;指时间进入，介入，在其间；(

25、指事情发生)以阻碍(某事) ；intervene in a dispute 调解纷争during the years that intervened 这期间的若干年intervention (n)干涉，介入interventionist (n)干涉主义者，主张干涉的人7、postuer： (n)姿势，姿态；举止；看法，态度(v)以不自然的、装模作样的方式站着，坐着等；摆模特的姿势Stop posturing in front of that mirror.别在镜子前摆姿势了.attitude (n)看法，态度8、rummage (vi、n)翻找或搜寻某物among/in/through sth

26、 for sthabout/around ransack (vt)彻底搜寻sth for sth9、spout (v)指液体喷出，涌出out of/from water spouting from a broken water-pipe 从破裂的水管中喷出的水pour (v)指液体不断流动(尤指从上而下 )Blood was pouring from the wound.血从伤口中涌出.10、traverse (vt) 走过，横贯或穿越某地区skies traversing the slopes 穿过斜坡的滑雪者(n)(一结构中的)穿越一物体的部件；横梁；横臂；(尤指爬山时的)侧向运动inte

27、rsect (vt)(尤用于被动语态) 横断，横切；(指线条、道路 )相交，交叉sth with sthThe lines AB and CD intersect at E.直线 AB 与直线 CD 相交于点 E.11、wistful (adj)发愁的，渴望的(尤指过去的或不可得到的东西)wistful eyes 露出渴求目光的眼睛yearning (n)渴望，热望for sb/st h yearningly (adv)渴望地刘毅词汇 10000 学习笔记 lesson 1(4)1、amicable：(adj)友好的，无敌意的An amicable settlement was reached

28、.已达成和解.amicability (n)amiable：(adj)友好的，和蔼可亲的，好脾气的an amiable character 温柔的性格2、blizzard： severe snowstorm 暴风雪snowstorm：heavy fall of snow, esp with a strong wind 暴风雪，雪暴3、cruise：(v)(航船)巡游，巡航；以中等速度行驶abou t a destroyer cruising about in the sea 在海上游弋的驱除舰Taxis cruised about, hoping to pick up late fares 出

29、租车以中等速度转来转去，希望能招徕到晚归的顾客.voyage：(v)航行，航海voyaging across the Indian Ocean 作穿越印度洋的航行4、eradicate：(v) 根除，消灭某事物，结束某事物大家网 www.TopS 7Smallpox has almost been eradicated 天花几乎已消灭.extirpate：(v)根除或铲除extirpate social evils 根除社会弊病5、glimmer： (v)发出微弱的闪光；(n)微弱的闪光glimmering (n)微光，迹象We began to see a glimmering of a s

30、olution to the problem 我们开始看到问题可望解决的迹象.gleam：(n)闪光，通常指反光gleam in sbs eyes 酝酿中的意念，令人向往的人和事物6、lump：(v)sb/sth together 将人或物归并在一起考虑，将人或物同等分类或对待We have lumped all the advanced students in the single class.我们把程度高的学生都编在一个班里.lumpish (adj)指人粗大的，笨拙的，愚蠢的block：(v)阻碍，堵塞sth up7、ransack： (v)彻底搜索某处sth for sth ；抢劫，掠

31、夺ransack the house for those papers 满屋子寻找那些文件rummage：(v)翻找，搜寻among/in/through sth for sth8、slash：(v)用剑、刀砍at sth (with sth).gash： (v)割一道伤口sth on sth gash ones arm on a piece of broken glass 胳膊被玻璃碎片划了一个大口子9、slump ：(v)沉重的落下或倒下(n)商业萧条期，不景气Tired from her walk she slumped down onto the sofa.她走累了，一屁股坐到沙发上.

32、depress：(v)使某人忧愁，消沉，沮丧10、vogue： (n)流行的或盛行的式样for sth a new vogue for low-heeled shoes 低跟鞋新潮流fashion：(n)样子，式样；时尚，风气dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时的刘毅词汇学习笔记 lesson 1(5)1、ascribe (v)sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人造成或写成；归功于、归咎于某人(某事物 )He ascribed his failure to bad luck.他把失败归咎于运气不好.This play is usually ascrib

33、ed to Shakespeare.这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作 .ascribable (adj)(作表语)to sb/sth 可归于某人某事物的His success is ascribable simply to hard work.他的成功是由于勤奋 .attribute (v)sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是属于某人的，由某人引起的He attributes his success to hard work and a bit of luck.他认为他的成功是勤奋加上一点运气得来的.(n)属性，特质，性质Her greatest attribute was her kind

34、ness.她最大的特点是为人厚道.attributable (adj)(作表语)可归属于或归因于某事物的2、bulwark (n)壁垒( 尤指泥土堆砌者)，防御工事； (比喻)支持，防御或保护的人大家网 www.TopS 8和事物Democracy is a bulwark of freedom.民主是自由的保障 .safeguard (n)against sb/sth 安全措施，保护性措施We will introduce legal safeguard against fraud.我们为制止诈骗活动要采取法律保护措施.3、dubious (adj)about sth/doing sth (

35、尤作表语) 半信半疑，可疑；(贬)名声不大好的，不可靠的；结果未定的，不能确定的；I remain dubious about his motives.我对他的动机心存疑虑.doubtful (adj)(通常作表语)(指人)感到可疑，不能相信；令人生疑的，不肯定的The weather looks rather doubtful.天气看起来靠不住.4、 facet (n)宝石或首饰的小平面，刻面；事情或问题的方面There are many facets to this question.这个问题有很多方面.aspect (n)方面；(尤指人)的样子，容貌，神态5、heed (v)注意或听从劝

36、告heed a warning 注意一项警告(习语) take heed of sth 听从 Take heed of your doctors advice 听从医生的劝告attention (n)注意，专心attentive (adj)注意的，留心的，警惕的6、huddle (v)(尤用于被动语态 )使某事物聚集在一起We all huddled around the radio to hear the news.我们围坐在收音机旁听新闻广播.gather (v)聚集，集合；收集，收拢(分散的东西)sth together/up7、mumble (v)含糊的说某事，唧咕about sths

37、th to sbWhat are you mumbling about？你在唧咕说些什么murmur (v)发出连续而低沉的声音The wind murmured in the trees 风在林中低鸣.8、relic (n)/color遗物，遗迹，遗风，遗俗reminder (n)帮助记忆或起提醒作用的东西9、smog (n)雾和烟的混合物，烟雾fume (n)(通常作复数)( 气味强烈的)烟，气，汽10、wayfarer (n)行路的人(尤指徒步的)traveler (n)常出远门的人，旅行者11、wont (n)(文或修辞)习俗，习惯habit (n)习惯，习性，脾性刘毅词汇 10000

38、 学习笔记 lesson 2(1)1、absolve (vt)sb from/of sth 开脱某人(的罪责)，宣布免除某人 (所受的责难)The court absolved the accused man.法官判决被告无罪. exonerate (vt)(尤用于被动语态)宣布某人无罪过sb from sthHe was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident.已确定他无须对事务负任何责任.2、bias (n) 偏见，成见，偏心 .He is without bias.他没有偏见 prejudice (n)偏见，成见大家网 ww

39、w.TopS 93、contend (vi)with/against sb/sthfor sth 与竞争对手争夺，与谈人争夺Several teams are contending for the prize.有几个队在争夺锦标. compete (vi)against/with sb/in sth/for sth 竞争、对抗、比赛a house that has competed in the Grand National four times.参加过 4 次“英国大赛马”的马4、deplore (vt)被某事物震惊或触犯；谴责She deplored his actions.她谴责他令人愤

40、慨的行为 deplorable (adj)应受谴责的 lament (v)for/over sb/sth 为某人(某事物)感到悲痛，哀悼lament for a dead friend 哀悼亡友5、fracture (n)折断，断裂，破裂，(尤指骨折)a fracture of leg 腿部骨折 shatter (vi)使某物突然而剧烈的裂成碎片，粉碎The pot shattered as it hit the floor.罐子掉在地板上摔割粉碎.6、magnitude (n)(通常指大的)量，大小；重要，重要性，重要程度The magnitude of the epidemic was f

41、rightening.这种流行病传播范围之广令人惊惶不安. bulk (n)体积，数量，容量7、pith (n)(木)髄，某些植物茎中的海绵组织(喻) the pith of sth 最重要的部分，精髓 essence (n)本质，精髓，要素She was the essence of kindness.她本性善良.8、relish (n)for sth (美食等的 )享受，滋味；美味，乐趣；兴趣，吸引力，感染力She savoured the joke with relish.她对这个笑话很感兴趣 . zest (n)for sth 极大的快乐或兴奋；热情，兴趣He entered into

42、 our plans with terrific zest.他满腔热情的参加了我们的项目 .9、sneak (v)on sb to sb (贬，尤为儿童用语)告状，打小报告She sneaked on her best friend to the teacher.她向老师告了她最好的朋友一状 lurk (v) 埋伏，潜伏；隐藏，隐匿Hes usually lurking near the bar 他通常出没在酒吧附近 .10、tidings (n)(古或谑) 消息，音信Have you heard the good tidings？你听到那个好消息了么？ information (n) 信息，

43、消息刘毅词汇 10000 学习笔记 lesson 2(2)大家网 www.TopS 101. aghast (adj)(尤作表语)at sth 惊恐，惊奇He stood aghast at the terrible sight.他被那可怕的景象吓呆了. astonished (adj)( 通常做表语)感到惊讶，吃惊She looked astonished when she heard the news.她听到那消息时显得很吃惊. astonishing (adj)使人惊讶的，惊人的I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the p

44、lay.我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧目.There was an astonishing number of applicants of the job.申请这份工作的人数多的惊人.astonish (vt)使某人惊讶，吃惊，震惊The news astonished everyone.这个消息使大家感到吃惊.astonishment (n)惊讶，惊奇2、cumber (v)阻碍，拖累We could not cumber our thought with his reproaches.我们不会因为他的谴责而妨碍我们的想法. hinder (vt)sth/sb from sth/doin

45、g sth 阻碍，妨碍某人某事物的进展，阻挠或耽误某人某事物.Production was hindered by lack of materials.由于缺乏原料，生产陷入停顿 .3、decree (v)发布(命令)，颁布(法令)(n)命令，法令The governor decreed a day of mourning.地方长官发布哀悼一日的命令.Fate decreed that they would not meet again.他们受命运的安排再也不能相会. determine (v)确定某事物，决定；测定，找出( 某未知事物 )，算出；决定做某事on/upon sth determ

46、ine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什么事determined (adj)有决心的，意志坚定的4、frolic (vi)(pt、pp frolicked)about 嬉戏Children frolicked about in the swimming-pool.孩子们在游泳池里嬉戏. frisk (vi)(指动物)欢快的跳跑Lambs frisked about in the meadow.小羊在草地上蹦来蹦去.5、intercourse (n)with sbbetween sb and sb ( 与国家，人等的)交际，交往 relation (n)关系，关联between A and B6、menace (n)威胁，恐吓；to sb/sth 进行威胁恐吓的人These weapons are a menace to world peace.这些武器就是对世界和平的一种威胁. intimidated (vt)sb into sth/ into sth 恐吓、威胁某人做某事intimidate a witness 恐吓目击证人.