政经常用词汇英汉对照.doc

1、时事政经词汇英汉对照 2006-03-30 11:02 选自 2006 年温家宝总理政府工作报告2006 年 3 月 5 日，第十届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京开幕，温家宝在开幕会上作政府工作报告。本次会议取得的一项重大成果，是批准了国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要。以下特色词汇选自温家宝总理 2006 年政府工作报告，涉及政治、经济、社会及科教文卫各领域，供译者及英语学习者参考。 站在新起点 on a new starting point 创新型国家 innovation-oriented country 资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society资源型

2、城市转型 transformation of resource-dependent cities区别对待，有保有压 the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others“五个统筹” maintain the “five balances“ (balancing urban and rural development, development

3、among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening up to the outside world)鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy发扬成绩 build on our achievements环保专项治理 special projects to address s

4、erious environmental problems保护天然林 protect virgin forests退牧还草 return grazing land to grassland退耕还林还草 return farmland to forests or grassland石漠化 spread of stony deserts防沙治沙 prevent and control desertification生态补偿机制 a mechanism for ecological compensation 农村综合试点改革 trials of comprehensive rural reform农

5、机具补贴 subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools良种补贴 subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators多予少取放活 the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)“三提五统” “three deductions“ (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and th

6、e “five charges“ (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups)2看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵 the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education粮食安全 food safety农村劳动力转移培训 job training for farm laborers loo

7、king for urban employment防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality农村信用社体制 the system of rural credit cooperatives牧业税 livestock tax资源税 resource tax农业面源污染 widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area 政策性关闭破产 policy-based closure and bankruptcy企业分离办社会 relieve enterprises of the

8、ir obligation to operate social programs城市和国有企业厂办大集体 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities上市公司股权分置改革 reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies人民币汇率形成机制改革 reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate利率形成和传导机制 setting and transmitti

9、ng interest rates国债余额管理方式 the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制 establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology坚持国家绝对控股 keep a controlling share in the states hands强化银行资本充足率约束 strengthen capital requirements

10、 for banks政府收支分类改革 reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures投资主体和产权多元化 investment from various sources and diversified ownership完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度 strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget

11、 system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets 提高系统集成能力 improve systems integration控制新增产能 control expansion of production capacity废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用 comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recove

12、ry and recycling of used resources资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制 mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries 3突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系 medical treatment system for public health emergencies乡镇卫生院 health clinics in towns and townships公共文化基础设施 culture-related facilities for public use城市低保对

13、象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances完善城市低保制度 improve the system of urban subsistence allowances重点优抚对象 key entitled groups 国家统一的职务与级别相结合的工资制度和工资正常增长机制 a unified national salary system based on position and rank and a mechanism for regular pay increases保持共产党员先进性 keep CPC members progr

14、essive, innovative and forward-thinking 兴边富民 vitalize border areas and enrich the people living there西部地区“两基” 攻坚计划 the plan to make nine-year compulsory education universal and to eliminate illiteracy among the young and middle-aged in the western region 项目核准与备案 project approval and record-keeping完善

15、境外投资协调机制和风险控制机制 improve the mechanisms for coordinating overseas investment and risk management过渡期 transitional period 官煤勾结 government officials in cahoots with coalmine operatorsgovernment officials act in collusion with coalmine operators重点抽查 spot test with a focus on; a spot test focusing on 采煤沉陷

16、区 sinkholes in coal mining areas棚户区 shantytowns 传销及变相传销 pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms 手机实名制 mobile phone identification policy 福利腐败 corruption in the execution of welfare policy 内外资企业所得税统一 the unity of income taxes levied from domestic and foreign-funded enterprises 论文崇拜 the worshi

17、p of research paper; the worship of scientific paper 以房养老 use house property as the living means for ones old age; using house property as the living means for the aged 4中华人民共和国公司法 Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China重大动物疫情应急条例 Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics关于预防煤矿生产安全

18、事故的特别规定 Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents 国家突发公共事件总体应急预案Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies信访条例Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits 政府工作报告英语词汇reform and opening up and in the modernization drive改革开放和社会主义现代化建设 put into practice the guid

19、ing principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents以邓小平理论和”三个代表” 重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值financial strength grew noticeably财力明显增

20、强total government revenue全国财政收入total import and export volume进出口总额laid-off workers下岗失业人员urban per capita disposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入rural per capita net income农民人均纯收入grew in real terms实际增长5first manned spaceflight首次载人航天飞行overall national strength综合国力communicable disease传染性疾病mobilized the general pu

21、blic throughout the country to control the outbreak在全国范围内实行群防群控primary-level organizations基层组织prevention and treatment work预防救治工作anti-SARS campaign抗击非典斗争expand domestic demand扩大内需a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策macro-control宏观调控rectify and standardize the order

22、of the land market整顿和规范土地市场秩序stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland制止乱征滥占耕地deposit-reserve ratio存款准备金率an appropriate amount of fine-tuning6适度微调agriculture, rural areas and farmers“三农“major grain producing areas粮食主产区important raw and processed materials重要原材料strategic restructuring o

23、f the economy经济结构战略性调整the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River三峡水利枢纽二期工程transmitting natural gas from the west to the east西气东输transmission of electricity from the west to the east西电东送south-to-north water diversion project南水北调工程large-scale development

24、 of the western region西部大开发social undertakings社会事业treasury bonds国债national public health system全国公共卫生体系public health infrastructure7公共卫生设施pilot projects试点项目medical care system and medical assistance system医疗制度和医疗合作制度central budget中央财政预算modern distance education现代远程教育strategically important hi-tech r

25、esearch战略高技术研究industrial application of new and high technologies高新技术产业化a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development国家中长期科学和技术发展规划feasibility studies可行性研究family planning work计划生育工作land and resources administration国土资源管理social security work社会保障工作vital interest

26、s切身利益employment and reemployment就业再就业8college expansion plan高校扩招计划regular institutions of higher learning普通高校“two guarantees“ (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)“两个确保“ （确保国有企业下岗职工的基

27、本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）“three-stage guarantee“ for laid-off workers“三条保障线“ （国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）subsistence allowances for the urban poor城市居民最低生活保障special funds专项资金ex-servicemen退役军人disabled revolutionary servicemen革命伤残军人post-disaster reconstruction灾后重建the problem of wage ar

28、rears for migrant rural workers拖欠农民工工资问题institutional innovation体制创新state assets国有资产9a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector银行业监管体系administrative examination and approval system行政审批制度Fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock companies.国有企业股份制改革

29、继续推进。civil aviation民航economic returns经济效益state-owned industrial enterprises and enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state国有及国有控股工业企业state-owned commercial banks国有商业银行the system for examining and verifying the issuance of securities证券发行审核制度rural credit cooperatives农村信用社the experiment

30、al reform of rural taxes and administrative charges农村税费改革试点the non- public sectors of the economy非公有制经济counterfeit and substandard goods假冒伪劣商品protect the legitimate rights and interests of both consumers and producers维护消费者和生产者合法权益10export tax rebates出口退税anti-dumping investigations反倾销调查settle trade d

31、isputes解决贸易争端foreign direct investment外商直接投资state foreign exchange reserves国家外汇储备Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement更紧密经贸关系的安排administrative regulations行政法规handling of indigent migrants收容遣送工作supporting measures配套措施socialist political civilization社会主义政治文明spiritual civilization精神文明income gap收入差距haphazard investment盲目投资illegal appropriation of farmland