新东方+六级+阅读.doc

1、六级与四级的区别：一、词词汇量5500 。二、句出题考长句子。三、段所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But, Yet, However 转折连词后面是重点，常考点。四、选项有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。六级题型：1. 主旨题（Sum Up/Title）-看文章每段第一句24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B) Labou

2、r and the effects of automation.C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D) Social benefits of automation. 注：文章三段第一句都出现automation，两段出现labour，因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factor

3、s, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution“.注：refers to 下定义Labours concern over automation arises from uncertainty about

4、 the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufact

5、uring, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by aut

6、omation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.注：labour 雇员To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefi

7、t plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismiss

8、al pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor“, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on red

9、uction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.注：union 工会，和雇员有关2. 词汇题找词所在句子关系转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是，找转折连词But, Yet, However。并列关系。例如：A and B，问A 就把B内容填进去。解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。例如：30. “An identifying figure” (Line 2, Para. 5) refers to a person _.A) who serves as a mode

10、l for othersB) who is always successfulC) who can be depended uponD) who has been rewarded for his success（文章前四段省略）Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating muc

11、h that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.注：把握and前后是并列关系。3. 细节题-直接细节、因果推理、暗示例如：31. It is implied that fifty years ago _ .A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factoriesB) twenty percent of American intellect

12、uals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _ .A) l

13、ess important than awareness of being a good employeeB) as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC) more important than employer- employee relationsD) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organizationOurs has become a society of employees. A hundred years or

14、so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed“ meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly

15、 a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growi

16、ng groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can

17、 find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a dif

18、ferent preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being

19、 an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledg

20、e.4. 作者态度题（attitude）正负态度凡是文章探讨新事物正态度凡是文章探讨老事物负态度例外：中立题25. The writers attitude towards the use of the telephone is _.A) affectionateB) disapprovingC) approvingD) neutral例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据- 论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。例子含义的标志：show, tell, prove, dem

21、onstrate, find, clearlyPage72In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land an

22、d forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining populati

23、on occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls

24、-was still undecided in mid-1992.注：1. controversial的意思是受争议的，同 “sharply political issue”，contro表示“反” 2. for example前句子是重点3. problematic悬而未决的Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in t

25、ropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.注：1. tension张力，冲突2. 看到similar 就说明第二段说

26、的和第一段一样。3. But转折是重点Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earths ozone layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants an

27、d animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web life.36.Why

28、 does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversialissue?A) Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.D) Beca

29、use it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.注：细节题。第一段economic interests表示绝对的词-出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。全无：non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither.nor全有：all-every-full-either唯一：only-exactly- best-most37.According to the passage, the

30、preservation of rain forests _. A) may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.C) should take priority over the control of human population.D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.注：细节题，对应文章第

31、二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出“和经济利益冲突” 就对了。38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _.A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem.C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of food.D) proves to be an effective way out

32、for impoverished nations.注：对应文章第二段。Short-term对应temporarily ，relief 对应avoid。39.Among“humanitys current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientistsis _. A) the impoverishment of developing countries.B) the explosion of the human population.C) the reduction of biological diversity.

33、D) the effect of global warming.注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob，diversity对应richness。40.The authors purpose in writing this passage is _. A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanitys current problems.B) to present the different views on humanitys current problems.C) to analyze the contradiction betw

34、een countries in dealing with humanitys currentproblems.D) to point out that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations.注：看最后一句话，cooperation of nations 对应coordinated international efforts。Page80We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but st

35、ress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslger, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while

36、 the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn

37、off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.注：1. vulnerable易受伤害的2. immune defense 免疫系统3. found之后是试验告诉我们的观点4. depress压抑，de往下 Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke U

38、niversity School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when fac

39、ed with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.注：1. 看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。2. passive被动的21. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats w

40、ho could turn off the electricity _.A) was strengthenedB) was not affectedC) was alteredD) was weakened注：定位文章第一段found之后22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _. A) try to control unpleasant stimuliB) turn off the electricityC) become abnormally suspiciousD) behav

41、e passively in controllable situations注：定位第二段But之后那句话23. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that _ . A) they disliked its tasteB) it affected their immune systemsC) it led to stomach painsD) they associated it with stomachaches22. The first paragraph is mainly about _.

42、(A) the teenagers criticism of their parents(B) misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents(C) the dominance of the parents over their children(D) the teenagers ability to deal with crises注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame

43、them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems

44、 and that they have no sense of humour, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in e

45、ntertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents,

46、 this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.注：1. critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的40. The main idea of this passage is that _.(A) attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities(B) better use of

47、greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life(C) the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago(D) priority must be given to the development of obligatory activitiesGreenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent

48、 to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scienti

49、fic proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.注：GF 对城乡环境有重要的贡献