水平二词汇详解1.doc

1、 2010胡明月 11Bind baIndvt., vi.bound, binding缚；绑Bind the prisoner arms together.绑紧囚犯的双臂。Bind the ganster to the seat with rope lest he should escape.把匪徒用绳子绑在座位上以免他逃跑。Bind the prisoners hands together.把囚犯的手捆起来。She bound (up) her hair.她把头发扎起来。装订to bind a book装订一本书（常与 up 连用）包扎镶（边） ；包（边）The dress is bound

2、 with ribbon.这件衣服用丝带镶边。粘住This dough isnt wet enough to bind properly.这个面团不够湿，粘不到一块儿。使受法规或诺言的约束I am bound by this agreement.我受这项协议的约束。使应当They bound me to remain silent.他们使我保持沉默。联合Many things bind us (together).许多事情使我们结合在一起。Be bound to do 注定会 2. prohibitv.tr.（及物动词）pro.hib.it.ed,pro.hib.it.ing,pro.hib.

3、its To forbid by authority:禁止：由权威禁止：Smoking is prohibited in most theaters.See Synonyms at forbid 在大多数戏剧院里禁止吸烟参见 forbidTo prevent; preclude:妨碍：阻止；避免：Modesty prohibits me from saying what happened.羞怯妨碍我说出所发生的事情 禁止；不准Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.“在处理易爆物

4、时,严格禁止吸烟。 “妨碍；阻止；使不可能His small size prohibits his be coming a policeman.他的个子太小使他无法当警察。3. repel2010胡明月 2v.（动词）v.tr.（及物动词）To ward off or keep away; drive back:击退：击退或赶回；驱除：repel insects.驱除昆虫To offer resistance to; fight against:抵制：抵御；反抗：repel an invasion.抵御侵略To refuse to accept; reject:拒绝接受；拒绝：a compan

5、y that was trying to repel a hostile takeover.试图拒绝某一有敌意的接管的一家公司To turn away from; spurn.避开；摒开To cause aversion or distaste in:使厌恶；使反感：Her rudeness repels everyone.See Synonyms at disgust See Usage Note at repulse 她的粗鲁使每个人都很反感参见 disgust 参见 repulseTo be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixin

6、g with:抵防：对抵制；不能吸收或与不相融：Oil repels water.油水不相溶Physics To present an opposing force to; push back or away by a force:【物理学】 排斥：显示相反的力量；用力推回或推开：Electric charges of the same sign repel one another.相同的电荷之间互相排斥4. mishandlev.tr.（及物动词）mis.han.dled,mis.han.dling,mis.han.dles To deal with clumsily or ineffici

7、ently; mismanage.笨拙或无效率地处理；管理不善To treat roughly; maltreat.粗暴地对待；虐待处理不当；使用不当Our company lost an important order because the directors mishandled the whole affair.“由于董事们对整个事情处理失当,我公司失掉了一批很重要的订货。“5.mislayv.tr.（及物动词）mislaid To put in a place that is afterward forgotten:放错地方：把放在后来记不起的地方：I have mislaid my

8、 hat.我忘记把我的帽子放在什么地方了To place or put down incorrectly:把放错地方；放置不当：They mislaid the linoleum.他们把亚麻油毡放错了地方6. vast2010胡明月 3adj.（形容词）Very great in size, number, amount, or quantity.巨大的：在尺寸、数目、数量或分量上很大的Very great in area or extent; immense.广阔的：在区域或宽度上很大的；广大的Very great in degree or intensity.See Synonyms at

9、 enormous 非常的：在程度或强度上很大的参见 enormousn.Archaic （名词） 【古语】 An immense space.广阔的空间at vast cost高价The city is vast compared to our village.和我们村相比，这个城市非常大。7. massiveadj.（形容词）Consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid:大而重的：由大的东西所构成（组成）的；大的，重的，坚固的：a massive piece of furniture.一件大而重的家具Lar

10、ge or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale:大规模的，宏伟的：数量、范围、程度或规模等大的或给人印象深刻的：“Local defense must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power”(John Foster Dulles)See Synonyms at heavy “必须通过威慑大规模报复势力来加强地方防御能力”(约翰福斯特杜勒斯) 参见 heavyLarge in comparison with the

11、 usual amount:大量的：与平时数量相比多的：a massive dose of a drug.一副大剂量的药Pathology Affecting a large area of bodily tissue; widespread and severe:【病理学】 严重的，大范围的：影响到大面积身体组织的；影响范围广的，严重的：massive gangrene.大面积的坏疽8. posev.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To assume or hold a particular position or posture, as in sitting for a portrai

12、t.摆姿势：摆出特定的位置或姿势，如为画肖像而坐着To affect a particular mental attitude.装腔作势：摆出极为特别的态度To represent oneself falsely; pretend to be other than what one is.装模做样，自命：虚假地表现自己；假装成另外一副样子v.tr.（及物动词）To place (a model, for example) in a specific position.使（如模特）摆好特定姿势To set forth in words; propound:用言语宣布；提出：pose a ques

13、tion.提出问题To put forward; present:2010胡明月 4提出；陈述：pose a threat. See Synonyms at propose 进行威胁参见 proposen.（名词）A bodily attitude or position, especially one assumed for an artist or a photographer.See Synonyms at posture 姿势：身体呈现的样子或姿势，尤指为画家或摄影师而摆出者参见 postureA studied attitude assumed for effect.See Syno

14、nyms at affectation 造作之态，装腔作势：为产生效果而故意装出来的态度或姿态参见 affectation9. refrainv.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To hold oneself back; forbear:忍耐，节制：自制以避免；忍住：refrained from swearing.忍住不骂v.tr.Archaic （及物动词） 【古语】 To restrain or hold back; curb.克制，抑制：克制或抑制；约束10. resistv.（动词）v.tr.（及物动词）To strive to fend off or offset the act

15、ions, effects, or force of.挡开：用力挡开或抵挡的行动、影响或力量To remain firm against the actions, effects, or force of; withstand:抵制：行动、影响或力量坚决保持不变；抵抗：a bacterium that resisted the antibiotic.抵抗菌素的细菌To keep from giving in to or enjoying.按捺：抵制向让步或享乐v.intr.（不及物动词）To offer resistance.See Synonyms at oppose 抵抗参见 oppose

16、抵御；阻止the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。I cant resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。n.（名词）A substance that can cover and protect a surface, as from corrosion.抗蚀剂：能覆盖并保护表面抑制腐蚀的一种物质11. restrainv.tr.（及物动词）re.strained,re.strain.ing,re.strains To hold back or keep i

17、n check; control:抑制：阻止或抑制；控制：couldnt restrain the tears.禁不住掉眼泪2010胡明月 5To hold (a person) back; prevent:阻止：阻挡（某人） ；阻止：restrained them from going.阻止他们去To deprive of freedom or liberty.剥夺：剥夺自由或特权To limit or restrict.限制，限定：限制或约束比较词汇：restrain, curb, check, bridle, inhibitThese verbs are compared as they

18、 mean to hold back or keep under control.当这些动词的词意为抑制或处于控制之下时，常对它们进行比较。Restrain implies restriction or limitation, as on ones freedom of action: Restrain 意指对人的行动自由进行约束和限制： “a wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another” (Thomas Jefferson). “明智而节俭的政府会阻止人们彼此间的伤害” （托马斯

19、杰斐逊） 。 He had difficulty restraining his curiosity. Tocurb is to restrain as if with reins: 他难以抑制住好奇心。 Curb 是象用辔头那样来约束： “You might curb your magnanimity” (John Keats).“你可以收敛一下你的宽宏大量” （约翰济慈） 。Check implies arresting or stopping, often suddenly or forcibly: Check 意为通常是突然或强有力地停止或阻止： “a light to guide,

20、a rod/To check the erring” (William Wordsworth).Tobridle is often to hold in or govern ones emotions or passions: “一束引路的光，一根/防止犯错误的棍 ” （威廉华兹华斯） 。Bridle 常指压抑或控制自己的感情或激情： She tried with all her might to bridle her resentment.她努力抑制住自己的怨恨。Inhibit usually connotes a check, either self-imposed or involunt

21、ary, on ones actions, desires, thoughts, or emotions: Inhibit 常指对某人的行为、意愿、思想或感情的自我施加或非自愿的约束： For the compliant child parental disapproval is as strong an inhibiting force as the threat of punishment. 对于顺从的小孩，父母的反对是与惩罚的威胁具有同样强烈的抑制力量12glancev.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To direct the gaze briefly:粗略地看一下：glance

22、at the menu; glanced in the rearview mirror.粗略地看了一下菜单；扫了一下反视镜To move rapidly from one thing to another. Used of the eyes.扫视：迅速从一件东西转向另一件东西，用于眼睛To shine briefly; glint.See Synonyms at flash 闪微光；闪烁参见 flashTo strike a surface at such an angle as to be deflected:掠过，擦过：以一定角度斜击某一表面：A pebble glanced off th

23、e windshield.See Synonyms at brush 1一颗小石子擦过挡风玻璃参见 brush1To make a passing reference; touch briefly:随便提到；简略地触及：a history course that only glanced at the Korean conflict.一节只简单提到朝鲜战争的历史课v.tr.（及物动词）2010胡明月 6To strike (a surface) at an angle; graze:使擦过，使掠过：以一个角度击（一表面） ；使擦过：The arrow glanced the target bu

24、t didnt stick.箭轻擦过目标但是却没有固定住To cause to strike a surface at an angle:擦过：使以一个角度击打一表面：glanced a stone off the wall.使一块石头擦过墙壁n.（名词）A brief or cursory look:浏览：粗略的或仓促的看：gave the paper a glance before breakfast.在早餐之前浏览一下报纸A quick flash of light; a gleam.光的极快闪烁；闪光An oblique movement following impact; a def

25、lection:歪斜，一掠：带来冲击的倾斜运动；歪斜，偏斜：The car struck the barrier and went off at a glance.汽车撞上了栏杆并斜冲了出去13glimpsen.（名词）A brief, incomplete view or look.一瞥，一看：短促的，粗略的一瞥或一看Archaic A brief flash of light.【古语】 闪光：短暂的闪光v.（动词）glimpsed,glimps.ing,glimps.es v.tr.（及物动词）To obtain a brief, incomplete view of.瞥见：简短地瞥见，粗

26、略地看见v.intr.（不及物动词）To look briefly; glance:瞥见：简短地一瞥；扫视：glimpsed at the headlines.浏览了一下标题14glarev.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To stare fixedly and angrily.See Synonyms at gaze 怒视：使劲地愤怒地瞪着参见 gazeTo shine intensely and blindingly:刺眼：发强烈、眩目的光：A hot sun glared down on the desert.火热的太阳强烈照射在沙漠上To be conspicuous; stan

27、d out obtrusively:明显，出众；突出：The headline glared from the page.大标题突出在这一页v.tr.（及物动词）To express by staring angrily:2010胡明月 7怒目而视：He glared his disapproval.他怒目而视他的非难n.（名词）A fierce or angry stare.怒视：愤怒、恼火的盯着看An intense, blinding light.See Synonyms at blaze 1强烈的，刺眼的光参见 blaze1Garish or showy brilliance; gau

28、diness.耀眼，俗丽：耀眼或炫耀的光辉；俗气，华而不实炫目的光； 强光the glare of the sun on the water水面上耀眼的阳光There was a red glare over the burning village.正在燃烧的村庄上空映出炫目的红光。发出刺目的强光；炫目地照射The sun glared out of the blue sky.太阳在蓝天上发出强烈的光。怒目而视；瞪眼She glared at me.她眼睛瞪着我。The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket and d

29、id not say a word.“这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视,一句话也没有说。“15. gleamn.（名词）A brief beam or flash of light:微光，闪光：瞬间的光或闪光：saw gleams of daylight through the cracks.从缝隙中看到黎明的曙光A steady but subdued shining; a glow:柔光，光泽：稳定而柔和的光；微弱的闪光：the gleam of burnished gold.黄金的光泽A brief or dim indication; a trace:迹象：短暂或模糊的暗示；迹

30、象：a gleam of intelligence.智慧的光芒v.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To emit a gleam; flash or glow:闪光；闪烁或发光：“It shone with gold and gleamed with ivory”(Edith Hamilton)See Synonyms at flash “它金光闪闪，银光泛动”(伊迪丝汉密尔顿) 参见 flashTo be manifested or indicated briefly or faintly.乍现，闪现：短暂地或微弱地的显示或暗示v.tr.（及物动词）To cause to emit a

31、flash of light.使发出闪光，使闪耀gleamvi.2010胡明月 8闪烁；发微光The moonlight gleamed on the river.月光在河面上闪烁。The furniture gleamed after being polished.家具擦后闪闪发亮。突然显现Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼睛流露出愉快的神情。16. reactionn.（名词）A response to a stimulus.反应：对刺激的回应The state resulting from such a response.反应状态：由于反应而产生的状态A r

32、everse or opposing action.反动：相反的，互逆的行动A tendency to revert to a former state.反动：希望回到过去状态的趋势Opposition to progress or liberalism; extreme conservatism.保守：对社会进步或自由主义的反对；极端保守主义Chemistry A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constitue

33、nts with other substances.【化学】 反应：一种物质分解，同其它物质结合或与其它物质交换元素的变化或转变Physics A nuclear reaction.【物理学】 核反应Physics An equal and opposite force exerted by a body against a force acting upon it.【物理学】 反作用力：物体对于加在其上的力作出的大小相同，方向相反的力量The response of cells or tissues to an antigen, as in a test for immunization.生

34、理反应：细胞或组织对抗原的反应，用于免疫系统检测等Psychology A pattern of behavior constituting a mental disorder or personality type.【心理学】 习惯性行为：一种固定的行动模式，能引起神经失常或造成人格reaction to a joke对玩笑的反应17. ensure v.tr.（及物动词）en.sured,en.sur.ing,en.sures To make sure or certain; insure:使确信或肯定；保证：Our precautions ensured our safety.See U

35、sage Note at assure 我们的预防措施保证了我们的安全参见 assure使必然发生 （亦作： insure）We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。“If you want to ensure that you get the diploma, you have to work harder and take all these curricula and pass them.“如果你想确保获得文凭,就得努力些 ,选修所有这些课程并通过考试。“I fitted a new lo

36、ck to ensure that the bicycle would not be stolen.我装了一把新锁以保证自行车不致失窃。18. assurev.tr.（及物动词）To inform positively, as to remove doubt:2010胡明月 9向保证：告知确实如此，以解除怀疑：assured us that the train would be on time.向我们保证火车将会准时到达To cause to feel sure:使确信：assured her of his devotion.使她确信他的挚爱To give confidence to; rea

37、ssure.给予信心；使放心To make certain; ensure:确实；保证：“Nothing in history assures the success of our civilization”(Herbert J. Muller)“历史上没有任何东西保证我们文明的胜利”(赫伯特 J.马勒)To make safe or secure.使安全，使稳固Chiefly British To insure, as against loss.【多用于英国】 给保险，以防意外保证He assured me that he had finished.他向我保证他已经完成了。I can ass

38、ure you of the reliability of the news.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。确信；使放心比较词汇：Assure, ensure, and insure all mean “to make secure or certain.” Onlyassure is used with reference to a person in the sense of “to set the mind at rest”: Assure,ensure 和 insure 都指“使稳固或有把握。 ” 只是 assure 用来指人，有“使某人放心”的意思： assured the lead

39、er of his loyalty. 使领导确信他的忠诚。 Althoughensure and insure are generally interchangeable, onlyinsure is now widely used in American English in the commercial sense of “to guarantee persons or property against risk.” 虽然 ensure 和 insure 在一般情况下可以互换， 现在只有 insure 广泛用于美国英语中，商业中意指“给人或财产保险以防意外。 ”19. verifyv.tr

40、.（及物动词）To prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony; substantiate.证明；证实：通过提供证据或证词来证明的真相；证实，证明有根据To determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or reference:核实；查对；查清：通过比较、调查或参考等来确定或考查的真实性或确切性：conducted experiments to verify the hypothesis.See Synonym

41、s at confirm 进行实验以证实这个假设参见 confirmLaw 【法律】 To affirm formally or under oath.证明：正式地或在宣誓下证实To append a verification to (a pleading); conclude with a verification.判定：对某申诉增补证词；用证词判决20. testifyv.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony:2010胡明月 10作证：发誓宣布事实或真相；作

42、证：witnesses testifying before a grand jury.目击证人在陪审团面前作证To express or declare a strong belief, especially to make a declaration of faith.声明：表达或宣布一种强烈的信仰，尤指信仰的表白To make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness:证明：基于个人经历支持一种假设事实的陈述；证实：the exhilaration of weig

43、htlessness, to which many astronauts have testified.许多宇航员都证实了失重的兴奋感To serve as evidence:证实：wreckage that testifies to the ferocity of the storm.证实风暴猛烈的残骸v.tr.（及物动词）To declare publicly; make known:表白：公开宣称；宣布：testifying their faith.宣布他们的忠诚To state or affirm under oath:作证：发誓声明或断言：testified in court tha

44、t he saw the defendant.在法庭作证说他见到了被告To bear witness to; provide evidence for.See Synonyms at indicate 证明；为提供证明参见 indicate21. appealn.（名词）An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication.呼吁，恳求：热切或急切的要求、请求或恳求A resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a deci

45、sion:诉诸，求助于：为认可、确认或决定而向更高机构求助：an appeal to reason.诉诸理性Law 【法律】 The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing.上诉：把案件从低一级法院向高一级法院移交以进行重新审理A case so transferred.移交审理的案件A request for a new hearing.更审：进行重新审讯的要求The power of attracting or of arousing interest:吸引力，感染力：吸引或引起兴趣的力量：a city with appeal for tourists.对游客有吸引力的城市v.（动词）v.intr.（不及物动词）To make an earnest or urgent request, as for help.恳求，求助：进行热切或急迫的请求，如请求帮助To have recourse, as for corroboration; resort:呼吁：为进一步证实而求助；依靠：