英语写作必备—提纲式作文.doc

1、提纲式作文1 对立观点式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持 X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对 X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of thi

2、s argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 -2 批驳观点式A一个错误观点。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An

3、 example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are

4、a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法) 。 -3 社会问题(现象)式 A一个社会问题或者现象 B 产生的原因 C对社会和我们生活的影响 D 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内

5、容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子 )。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing

6、us more harm. 同上 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will . -辩论式作文 模块一Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点 1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点 2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a d

7、ozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据 1. More importantly, 论据 2. Most important of all, 论据 3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版二People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点 1, while others

8、 point out that 观点 2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据 1. For another, 论据 2. Last but not the least, 论据 3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版三There is no consensus of opinions

9、 among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点 1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点 2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据 1。 Furthermore, 论据 2。 Among all of the supporti

10、ng evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据 3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.- 图表式作文It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.

11、It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因)

12、. Most important of all, (第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken 括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). -原因式作文Currently, XX has been the or

13、der of the day. This does demonstrate the theory - nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact

14、that (4).You dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7). 注释: 1:XX 的第一个优点 2:支持 XX 的做法 3:不支持 XX 的做法 4:XX 的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明 XX 优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文 : -In recent years, XX has

15、caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8). -For most of us today, (1). From above, we c

16、an find that the reasons why (2)are as follows. The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second,(4). The third reason, actually, is (5).The significance for (6)。 Therefore. 注释: (1)人们针对 XX 的态度和举措 (2)归纳现状 (3)第一个原因 (4)第二个原因 (5)第三个原因 (6)重申造成现状的最重要原因 -These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2). W

17、hy does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everyth

18、ing will be better in the future. 注释:(1)提出论题 (2)说明现状 (3)理由一 (4)理由二 (5)理由三 (6)理由三引起的后果 (7)解决方法 写作绝招结尾万能公式：1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型

19、：Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典 更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.写作的“七项基本原则”：一

20、、 长短句原则我们把短句放在段首或者段末，可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头) 用一长一短，且先长后短 ;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，文章结尾一般用

21、一长一短就可以了。二、主题句原则To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一 二 三原则5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, fin

22、ally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况 )10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)四、短语优先原则I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it

23、.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 3)因果(so, so, so)The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that6)排比Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be

24、 obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. 作文布局谋篇八种常用句型一)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of

25、 factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may

26、blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .Another contributing factor (cause ) is .Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that二)比较1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantag

27、es of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B

28、has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B.14. Wondering as A i

29、s ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .三)批驳1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4) Man

30、y of us have been under the illusion that.5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for .7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to .8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain tha

31、t .四)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence can be so great that.五)举例1) A good case in point is .2) As an illustration, we may take .3) Such examples might be given easily.4) .is often cited

32、 as an example. 六)证明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4) Recent studies indicate that .5) There is sufficient evidence to show that .6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .七)开篇1) Many n

33、ations have been faced with the problem of .2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so

34、 popular.7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8) According to a recent survey, .9) With the rapid development of ., .八)结尾1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3) It is necessary that steps should

35、 be taken to .4) In conclusion, it is imperative that .5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, th

36、e problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to .10) Taking all these into account, we .11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear.There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place i

37、n our life.Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome(c

38、on quer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.3)The computer has brought about many

39、 changes in education.7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that.2)No one can deny the fact that.3)There is no denying the fact that.4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However ，thats not the case. 8.表示比较1)Compared with A，B.2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a

40、striking contrast between them.9.表示数量1)It has increased(decreased)from.to.2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.再如：From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of compute

41、rs has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.六级写作常用核心句型开头段常用核心句型The arguer may be right about, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact thatContrary to generally accepted views, I argue thatIt is true that, but this is not to say thatThe main/obviou

42、s problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact thatIt would be natural/reasonable to think that, but it would be absurd to claim thatThere is absolutely no reason for us to believe thatAt first thought, it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find thatThe proble

43、m/fact is thatAs far as I am concerned, I believe thatThose who object toargue thatBut people who favor, on the other hand, argue that中间段的常用核心句型The change inmainly results fromThe increase inis due to the fact thatMany people would claim thatOne of the reasons given for is thatThere are a variety of

44、 reasons for this dramatic growth in First Second FinallyWhy are (is/do/did) ? For one thing For anotherHistory is filled with the examples ofAs is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned thatThere is (no) good evidence toWe must admit the undeniable fact thatNo one can deny

45、 the fact thatExperience (Evidence) suggests thatThe same is true of结尾段的常用核心句型It is high time that we placed great emphasis on the improvement ofIt is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation (tendency/phenomenon) ofThere is no easy solution to the problem of, but might be useful.Unle

46、ss there is a common realization of, it is very likely thatIt is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth ofIt is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding (developing/improving)Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects ofTo control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towardsTo put all into a nutshell, I