英语写作策略（2010年整理版）.doc

1、1英语写作策略遣词造句比较下面用英语写出的句子。（1） 越来越多的学生发现学英语变得越来越重要了。 More and more students find learning English has become increasingly important. Students in growing numbers find learning English has become increasingly important.（2） 如今人们消耗的蔬菜越来越多了。 More and more people are eating vegetables nowadays. Vegetable con

2、sumption is on the rise nowadays.（3） 经济的发展需要越来越多的服务人员。 We need more and more service people with the development of economy. There is an increasing demand for service people with the development of economy.（4） 越来越多的证据显示第二种管理风格比第一种更有效。 More and more evidence is showing that the second style of manage

3、ment is more productive than the first one. The evidence is mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first one.措词攻略( 一)（1）使用书面语词汇口语词汇 书面语词汇about approximatelybrave courageousbuy purchasecar automobilechoice optionenough sufficientfind discoverfinish accomplishfirst in

4、itialgive up surrenderhide conceal2live longer than survivelucky fortunatemake manufactureman-made artificialout of date obsoleteovercome conquerput off postponeput up with toleratetake part in participate inunwilling reluctantwordy redundant（2）善用具体词汇笼统词 具体词good kind、honest、 just、generous、affectiona

5、te、selfless 、friendlycry weep、 sob、whimper 、sniffle、wail 、moan、groanscientist mathematician、physicist、biologist、chemist、linguistfruit apple、banana 、peach、watermelon、grape 、pear、orange、lemonfor a long time for hours long、for three weeks、for five years、for decades、for centuries 形体化A. The injured footb

6、aller limped（跛行）slowly off the field.B. The victorious army marched（迈进）into the conquered city.C. The pedestrians rushed（快步走）here and there in the rain.D. The man, whose wife was expecting the first baby, was pacing（踱步）nervously up and down the hospital corridor.E. The manager strode（大步走）into the of

7、fice and asked who was late for work.F. We wandered（瞎转）around for hours looking for the house.G. She just drags（步履拖沓）along after us wherever we go. 感官化A. Rain came down and broke the silence.B. After a long hush, big raindrops came pitter-pattering down, shattering the eerie silence. 细节化3speak 讲话 ta

8、lk 交谈tell 讲述 explain 解释 mention 提及 narrate 讲述lie 撒谎 whisper 耳语discuss 讨论 utter 出声persuade 劝说 quote 引述libel 诋毁 murmur 低语comment、observe、remark 评价 declare、announce 宣称（3）同义替换A. We loved the food so much, especially the fish dishes.B. I prefer walking alone.C. I really admire people who can work in such

9、 difficult conditions.D. I want to travel because I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places.E. She is fond of playing the piano.F. Babies are attracted to bright colours.G. I dont care for coffee.H. Many soccer fans are crazy about David Beckham.I. Hes the first real boyfriend shes had and shes m

10、ad about him.J. Many Westerners are keen on Jackie Chans kungfu films.K. He has been addicted to the drug.L. Some adults are hooked on computer games as well.陈词滥调 建议替换词sometimes now and then、from time to time、once in a while、 occasionallyshow（表明） indicate、reveal、suggest、illustrate、demonstrate、manife

11、stperson、people individuals、charactershave（有） enjoy、 possessthink believe、claim、maintain 、 argue、insist、harbour the idea that、hold the view that、it is widely acknowledged thatthing affair、 issue、 mattershould be supposed to（但表示虚拟语气的 should 不能替换）4famous well-known、 popular、renowned、legendary、prestigi

12、ous 、high-profilehardworking industrious、conscientiousimportant、necessary essential、crucial、indispensable、of vital importance、of great momentum/ magnitude/ significancecause give rise/ birth to、lead to、result in、trigger 、contribute tobecause of thanks to、due to、on account of、on the grounds ofmany a

13、variety of、numerous 、a wide array ofcouldnt、didnt failed toremember bear/keep in mind that、learn by heartvery exceedingly、extremelymake sb. do sth. enable sb. to do sth.maybe 、perhaps Chances are that in my opinion/ view personally、for my part、as far as I am concerned、 from my own perspectivein orde

14、r to do sth. in an effort/ attempt to do sth.、for the purpose of doing sth.、with a view to doing sth.pay attention to place/ put a premium on、set great store bydraw public attention arouse wide public concerncatch up with the recent progresskeep pace with/ keep abreast of the latest developmenttry t

15、o do sth. attempt to do sth.、mean to do sth.、endeavour to do sth.be against sth、disagree with sthoppose、object to、frown on sthadvantages and disadvantages、merits and demerits、good points and bad pointsbenefits and risks、pros and cons、promises and threats、strengths and weaknessesdo harm to、hurt endan

16、ger、jeopardize 、compromisebeautiful、interesting fascinating、enchanting、inviting、captivatingDifferent people have different ideas.Views on vary from person to person；The reasons are varied；A number of factors could account for this.5There are two causes. People hold on to this viewpoint partly becaus

17、e, partly because；The causes are twofold.（4）注意搭配 搭配松散：A. My teacher helped me very much. (a lot)B. Chinese economy has developed very much. (rapidly)C. A friend must know you very much. (well) 搭配错误A. quick foodB. My father is an excessive smoker. (应该说 a chain/ heavy smoker)C. They did a lot of effor

18、t to finish the job on time. (应该说 made great efforts)D. I proposed to take a final party with other classmates. (应该说 organize/ throw a farewell party)措词攻略( 二)（1）长短句更替A. The animal trainer dove into the pool. The trainer was skilled and athletic. She was excited when she dove into the pool. She swam

19、with two dolphins. The dolphins were babies. The dolphins were playful. The trainer swam with the dolphins for over an hour. When the trainer swam with the dolphins, she was happy.B. The skilled, athletic animal trainer excitedly dove into the pool, where she happily swam for over an hour with two p

20、layful baby dolphins.C. The animal trainer was skilled and athletic. She excitedly dove into the pool, where there were two playful baby dolphins. She swam with them happily for over an hour.下面是五种将短句变长的方法，请注意划线部分的改动。1）将简单句合并为并列句和复合句例 1：The typhoon contained strong wind and heavy rain. During the sto

21、rm, the roof of the town library collapsed. The roof of the post office did the same. The torrential rain flooded the county roads. Schools cancelled classes due to the conditions.改为：The typhoon, containing strong wind and heavy rain, caused the roofs of the town library and the post office to colla

22、pse, created floods on county roads, and forced schools to cancel classes.6例 2：Today, great wealth abounds in Ningbo. The wealth is centred in the oil industry. However, few manufacturing jobs are still available.改为：Although there is much wealth centred in Ningbos oil industry today, there are few m

23、anufacturing jobs available.2）改短句为非限定性动词短语，包括不定式、分词和动名词短语例 1：When Jerry left the room, he was whining and crying. He was convinced that I was a cruel man.改为：Whining and crying, Jerry left the room convinced that I was a cruel man.例 2：In reality, we can often find that many people are complaining tha

24、t their difficulties are so great that they cannot overcome these difficulties themselves.改为：In reality, we can often find many people complaining that their difficulties are too great to overcome.例 3：The problem which was not solved will be discussed at the next meeting.改为：The unsolved problem will

25、 be discussed at the next meeting.例 4：I still remember that I was taken to the country by my uncle as a child.改为：I still remember being taken to the country by my uncle as a child.3）改短句为介词短语例 1：There are many reasons why I oppose bilingual education at the primary school level.改为：For a number of rea

26、sons, I oppose bilingual education at the primary school level.例 2：Although it was raining hard, he got there in time.改为：He got there in time in spite of heavy rain.4）改短句为同位语结构短语例 1：Beijing is the capital of China. It is also the second largest city in this country.改为：The capital of China, Beijing i

27、s the second largest city in this country.或者：Beijing, the capital of China, is the second largest city in this country.或者：Beijing, the second largest city in China, is the capital of this country.例 2：Noam Chomsky is a world-renowned linguist. He is Institute Professor of Linguistics at MIT. He recen

28、tly published his fourth book on American foreign policies. He is seventy-one years old at the time.改为：Noam Chomsky, a world-renowned linguist and Institute Professor of Linguistics at MIT, recently published his fourth book on American foreign policies at the age of seventy-one years old.5）改短句为独立主格

29、结构短语7例 1：Sirens were blaring and the fire engines were just pulling up.改为：Sirens blaring, the fire engines were just pulling up.例 2：It rained on and on. Streets were flooded and buses were bogged down.改为：It rained on and on, streets flooded and buses bogged down.例 3：He took some orange juice out of

30、the fridge and walked to the kitchen window, holding the glass in his hand.改为：He took some orange juice out of the fridge and, glass in hand, walked to the kitchen window.（2）使用非人称主语组织句子1）物称主语A. 她哭了起来。l She began to cry.l Tears came to her eyes.B. 今天早上醒来时我想到了一个好主意。l I thought of a great idea when I w

31、oke up this morning.l A great idea dawned on me when I woke up this morning.C. 一见照片，我就想起了童年。l When I saw the photos, I came to think of my childhood.l The photos reminded me of my childhood.D. 我说不出话来。l I couldnt say anything.l Words failed me.E. 这个运动首先在上海兴起。l The movement originated in Shanghai.l Sh

32、anghai first saw the rise of the movement.2） it 充当形式主语A. Its raining cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱。B. It never occurred to me that she would be so displeased. 我从未想到她会如此不高兴。C. It comes as a surprise to learn that more people are murdered in New York than in the whole of the UK. 得知纽约一地被害人数竟胜于整个英国我很吃惊。3） there系动

33、词结构A. There seems to be no doubt about it. 此事似是无疑。8B. There comes a time when dying seems better than staying alive. 有一度觉得死了似乎比活着好。C. There is broad consensus (of opinion) in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下（舆论）一致。（3）积极调用主、被动句转换例 1：Although Tom is not rich, but when someone asks him for help, he

34、 would never hesitate.改为：Although hes not rich, Tom never hesitates when asked for help.例 2：After Dolly was born, we can no longer dismiss cloning as science fiction.改为：After the birth of Dolly, cloning can no longer be dismissed as science fiction.例 3：This society still makes women unable to enjoy

35、equal rights.改为：Women are still denied equal right.Sentence VarietyToday was the first day in my English class. I couldnt believe that we had an assignment already. I hope the other classes I have today dont also assign homework. I keep thinking of the lazy days of summer. I wish September had never

36、 arrived. I remember long days at the swimming pool. I also remember days at Worlds of Fun. I even had a summer job. I cant believe it. That job even seems like fun now. The reality of my sophomore year is here.1. Beginning with an adjective or adverb:Sadly, I wish September had never arrived.Grim i

37、s the reality of my sophomore year.2. Beginning with a prepositional phrase:In my English class today, we already have an assignment.3. Beginning with a participial phrase:Thinking of the lazy days of summer, I wish September had never arrived.Sitting in English class today, I couldnt believe that w

38、e already had a homework assignment.4. Beginning with an infinitive:To think of the lazy days of summer made me wish that September had never arrived.I cant believe that even to work a summer job seems like fun now.5. Beginning with a gerund:9Hoping that the other classes dont assign homework makes

39、me anxious to have this day end.Since today was the first day in my English class, I found it hard to believe that we already had homework.Because even my summer job now seems fun the grim reality of my sophomore year is here.Revised:In my English class today, I could not believe that we already had

40、 a homework assignment.(prepositional phrase). .(dependent clause as a noun)Hoping the other classes I have dont also assign homework makes me anxious to have the first(gerund as a subject). (infinitive phrase as an adverb)day of school end.Thinking of the lazy days of summer, I wish September had n

41、ever arrived.(participial phrase)I remember long hours at the swimming pool and at Worlds of Fun. Even working a summer job. . .(compound object of the preposition).(gerund as subject)seems like fun now.Grim is the reality of my sophomore year.(adjective at the beginning of a sentence)10书信体写作格式（1）地址

42、：School of Foreign LanguagesBeijing Forestry University35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing, 100083P. R. China（2）日期：1 February 2009（英），1 st February 2009（英），February 1st, 2009（美），February 1, 2009（美）（3）收信人姓名和称呼：收信人姓名 称呼Mr. John F. KennedyDear Mr. John F. KennedyDear John（非正式）Mrs. Jacqueline

43、 KennedyDear Mrs. Jacqueline KennedyDear Jacqueline（非正式）Mr. and Mrs. John F. KennedyDear Mr. and Mrs. John F. KennedyDear John and Jackie（非正式）Messrs. John and Robert F. KennedyDear Messrs. KennedyDear John and Robert（非正式）Mmes. Kathleen and Rosemary KennedyDear Mmes. KennedyDear Kathleen and Rosemary（非正式）Messrs. John F. Kennedy and Aristotle OnassisDear Messrs. Kennedy and OnassisDear John and Aristotle（非正式）Mmes. Jacqueline Kennedy and Marilyn MonroeDear Mmes. Kennedy and MonroeDear Jacqueline and Marilyn（非正式）The President Dear Sir or MadamLadies and Gentlemen To Whom This May Concern（4）信尾敬语：