四六级翻译练习.doc

1、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法 51) Force N1 _(比力 N2 大 2.5 倍). is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） 2) This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍 ). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/ 副词 + as） 3) The earth _(是月球大小的 49 倍).is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词） 4) Th

2、e landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/ 倍数） 5) They _(计划将投资增加一倍).plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）二、时态 61) Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了 ). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时）2) When she got home, _(

3、孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假). my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我

4、已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态 51) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being repla

5、ced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） 3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式 ). can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用 ; 2. 汉语有些没有 “被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） 4) W

6、hen the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料). I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3” 的考点 2） 5) _(必须立即采取有效措施 )to eliminate sandy storms. Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态） 四、情态动词 51) The phone is ringing, _(但是

7、没人接听。她一定不在家).but there is no answer. She cant be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不” ） 2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考点：“情态动词 can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断） 3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕

8、的东西了). You must have dreamed of something terrible （考点：同上） 4) Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考点：“情态动词 should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思） 5) _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

9、 I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party （考点： “情态动词 neednt + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生” ， “不必做”)五、虚拟语气 22 1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). I had had your opportunities when I was young （考点：I wish 后的 that 从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望） 2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的 )! Then he would not have

10、 killed himself.he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿” 或“ 要是就好了 ”，用法与 I wish基本相同）3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). painted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的 that 从句中用过去式表示不是事实） 4) Its high time th

11、at _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考点：Its (about/high) time 后的 that 从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时候了” ）5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly （考点：as if / as though 引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑） 6) We insist that _(让杰克

12、立刻进医院). Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法 ”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 7) It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 8) His proposal was

13、that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法 ”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). the mid-term exams (should) be canceled （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)

14、 sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水). we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining （考点：在 It is/was +形容词后的 that 从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。 这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, prope

15、r, urgent, vital, ） 11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考点：同上） 12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. If he had booked tickets in the way I told him （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反） 13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有

16、人把我的话打断了).if I had not been interrupted （考点：同上） 14) It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的). If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. If I had been living in New York（考点：同上） 16) If the doctor had not c

17、ome in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). he would be dead now（考点：同上） 17) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). we could not have rent a house at such a low price （考点：but for 经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语） 18) I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题). otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this questio

18、n （考点：otherwise 也经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语） 19) Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). I would seize the opportunity without hesitation （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有 were, had, should 这三个词，可以省去 if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件） 20) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). this act would have been passed much earlier（考点：同上）

19、 21) Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险). the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：同上） 22) He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿). lest he should awaken the baby （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用 sb. should do 的形式表示虚拟） 六、不定式 10 1) It was a great achievement _(10 个月建成一栋 24 层的楼). to c

20、omplete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用 it 作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） 2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). for us to have a good nights sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词 for + 代词/ 名词” 来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情， 这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right,

21、essential 等） 3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词 of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人， 常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thought

22、less, wicked, wise, wrong） 4) The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). not to punish those students who had been late for class （考点： 1. 用不定式结构作 decide 的宾语；2. 不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加not） 能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ） 5) Mr. Green was wonder

23、ing _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). whether to visit their son in France （考点：“疑问词+ 不定式” 作动词 wonder 的宾语。 6) The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水 ). warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语） 7) We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座). invited him to give us a lecture on modern art （考点：同上） 8) He feels it challenging _(在这么大

24、一所大学做学生会主席). to be the chairman of students union in so large a university（考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语） 9) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). to apply what we have learned in class to practice（考点：不定式作定语） 10) The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划 ). ruined our plan to

25、 show the film in the open air （考点：同上） 七、分词 9 1) This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语） 2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语） 3) The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). killing thousands upon

26、thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语） 4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了 15%). raising the average yield by 15 percent （考点：同上） 5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作伴随状语） 6) _(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began t

27、o study. Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语） 7) _(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了 ), they decided to pay for his education. Deeply moved by the boys deeds（考点：同上） 8) _(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看 ), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语） 9) _(好久没有收到

28、父母的来信了 ), he was worried about them. Not having heard from his parents for a long time （考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2. 分词的否定形式；3. 现在分词的完成式） 八、动名词 6 1) _(每天洗冷水澡 ) does him a lot of good. Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语） 2) They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). making their daughter do what she didnt like to d

29、o （考点：动名词作动词的宾语） 3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语） 4) It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). crying over spilled milk 考点：动名词用于固定结构。 5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). having peeked at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式） 6) We congratulate

30、d her on _(被提升为经理). being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式） 九、非谓语动词用法区别 10 1) Success means _(非常努力地工作). working very hard. （考点：mean 表示“意味着” ） 2) John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). to drive there, but his car broke down （考点：mean 表示“打算” ） 3) I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话 ). talking to his mother （考点：强调正在进行） 4) I he

31、ard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时 ). talk to his mother for an hour （考点：强调整个过程） 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿). only to break his own leg （考点：意料之外的结果） 6) He jumped from the burning house, _(摔断了双腿). breaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果） 7) He was happy _(看到父母很健康). to see his parents in good h

32、ealth （考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末） 8) _(看到父母安然无恙 ), he issued a sigh of relief. Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首） 9) _(跟随着它的脚印 ), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动） 10) The pop, _(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. followed by two body guards（考点：过去分词强调

33、被动） 十、名词从句 11 1) _(他们为什么离开家乡去云南 ) is still a secret. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考点：主语从句） 2) _(最让我不解的 ) was that he spoke English so well. What confused me most（考点：同上） 3) _(这么做是故意的 ) became obvious. That this was done on purpose（考点：同上） 4) It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责). who should be responsible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用 it 作形式主语） 5) It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚 ). whom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上） 6) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事). what can be done today（考点：宾语从句）