专业四级语法.doc

1、1. (1)Illtell him when you will ring again. ()Ill tell him when you ringagain.()(2)make sure, makecertain, see (to it) thatSee toit that you include in the paper whatever questions they didnt know the answer tolast time.(include will include)2. (1)by/between/upto/till +sinceby the time/when +We had

2、just had ourbreakfast when anold man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificialbeings were portrayed had been produced.(1919)(2)by +by the time/ when +By thetime you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hopeher health will have i

3、mproved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)bynowsince +in/during/for/over/the past/last few()years/days/months,Thechanges that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliantscientists at the turn of the 19th cen

4、tury.it is +since/beforeIt isfour years since John left school.(4)It is the +/+thatIt isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.(5)nosooner-than-, hardly/scarcely-when-3. The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing hashappened.(1)(2)-1. (1)-f

5、or, -ofabsurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise,foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy,generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrongExpertssay walking is one of the best ways for aperson to stay healthy.Itscleve

6、r of you to have invented such a device.(2)be said / reported / thought/ believed / known / supposed + to do sth.2. afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail,guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend,ventureEventhough the children pretended to

7、 beasleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.3. (1)next, last, only, not a, the, verythe first womanto set foot on the moon (2)tendencyto dotend to do, decision to dodecide to do(3)ambitionto do -be ambitious to do-curiosityto do -be curious to do-abilityto do-able to do-(4)-

8、way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity,evidence, power, right, movement, drive ()effortI worked so late in theoffice last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.Weappreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existingproblem.(5)something,

9、nothing, little, much, a lotThoughwe have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.4. (1)inorder to(do), so as to(do)so as to(2)so-asto, such-as to, enough-to, too-toThesolution works only for couples who are self-employed, dont have smallchildren and get along well enough to spend mo

10、st of their time together.Thevocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English areso trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.(3)onlyfind, hear,see, be told, form, give, make, produceGreatlyagitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(4)not

11、/nevertoo- to, too- not to, but/only too-to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to I am only too pleased to hear from youfurther. 1. acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit,confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish,forgive, imagine, involve, justify, m

12、ention, pardon, practice, postpone, recallrecollectrisk, resist, suggest, tolerateIappreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2. toobject to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, beaccustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devo

13、ted to,be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) usedto, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer-to, see to, set to,take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to 1. (1)Itseasy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of

14、 modern life and on thevague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(thechanges which take place.)Therewas a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recentlygiving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(whichgave.)How manyof us attending, say

15、, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested inthe discussion?(How manyof us who will attend.)(2)Goodnews was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the portannounced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.(-recaptureof the port which had been announc

16、ed-)Just asthe value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to thesystem, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program thatturns out. (-each new phone which is added to-)Theauthor gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature.(-descr

17、iptionwhich was based on-)(3)deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up,retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived,recently comeanescaped prisoner a retiredworkera fadedcurtain a newlyarrived student2. (1)Havingcompleted one task, we started on another one

18、. (completestart)(2)-Hewasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being consideredinsufficiently popular with all members.Thereseemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropicalforest, would find his way through it.(3)Helenborrowed my dictionary the other day say

19、ing that she would return it soon.Anna wasreading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.(4)The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when theair conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.(5)()The article opens and closes with descripti

20、ons of two newsreports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.Fordtried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separate task.3. -Allflights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take thetrain.Darknesssetting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.1.

21、mean to do() propose to do ()mean doing() propose doing()forget to do() remember to do()forget doing() remember doing()go on to do() stop to dogo on doing(-) stop doingregret to do() regret doing()2. cannot help butdo cannot but docannot choose butdo can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative b

22、ut to doNobodycan help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the sciencefiction.When Iconsider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that thepublic will appreciate his gift.3. be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.Its no good/use/

23、picnic doingsth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doingsth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I knowit isnt important but I cant helpthinking about it.Alice was having trouble controlling the children becausethere were

24、 so many of them.There isno use crying over spilt milk.4. there be (1)Thestudents expected there to be more reviewing classes before the finalexams.(expect)(2)for there to bethere beingFor there tobe successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement inthe discussion itself by all

25、 present. (forthere to be-)It isnt cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, soI can leave Jims car out quite safely.(for there to be-)There being no further questions, well stop here today. (there being-)(3)for there to beIt is unusual for there tobe no late comers today.(4)forthere beingHe woul

26、dalways ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his innerthought.1. (1):would/+dowere ()/didwould/+have donehad donewould/+doshould do / were to doIf the doctorhad been available, the child could not have died.There isa real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should t

27、here be asudden loud noise.(2)Had itnot been for the timely investment from the general public, our company wouldnot be so thriving as it is.()Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he would be our chairman now.()(3)Yourmath instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up exami

28、nation had yougone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.()I would have gone to visit him in the hospital hadit been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.()2. (should+)-(1)thatdesire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand,request, require i

29、nsist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, voteIn thepast men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I movethat he be discharged for his serious mistake.(2)thatadvisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate,compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, ne

30、cessary, obligatory,possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded,desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggestedTheboard deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away.It isessential that all these figures be checked twice.(3)insiste

31、nce, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal,motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation,rule, resolution, understandingJohnWagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is hisinsistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well

32、 as worldly, frame ofreference.Theykeep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative be sent tothe conference on schedule.3. if(1)but, but that,or, or elseotherwise, unfortunatelyA safetyanalysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately,it was never done

33、.Victorobviously doesnt know whats happened; otherwise he wouldnt have made such astupid remark.(2)without, but for, under morefavorable conditionsBut forthe English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plannedwas/were +hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.(4)I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.4. (1)would rather would assoon asthough suppose-hadrather would sooner asif supposing-Ifonly- It is (high) time that-()His wife would rather they didnttalk ab