CET4常考语法点小结.doc

1、CET4 常考语法点小结基本概念：1.词性与句子成分/ 从句和结构 /时态语态/语气/强调与倒装历年真题举例：The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.（2011 年 6 月）Employers fear they will be unable to recruit students with the skill they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new su

2、rvey_. ( submits ; launches; reveals; generates)Nearly half of the organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find _(audience; staff; partners; officials) with skills in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), _(because; while; although; for) even more companies expect

3、to experience _(exits; departures; shortages; absences) of employees with STEM skills in the next three years. (2011 年 12 月完形)It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.What is the authors profound belief ?A) People in

4、stinctively seek nature in different waysB) People should spend most of their lives in the wildC) People have quite different perceptions of nature.D) People must make more efforts to study nature. (2010 年 12 月快速阅读)常考的几种从句名词性从句请指出划线部分的句子成分。Lucy likes singing. She likes apple.She is a teacher.My favo

5、rite singer, Jay Chou, is going to release his new album.请翻译以下句子。他还活着简直就是个奇迹。wonder /miracleHe still lives is a wonder.He is still alive , which is a miracle .That he is alive is a wonder.It is a miracle that 父母和孩子有不同的观点是正常的。Whether we are going to have a picnic depends on the weather我们是否去野炊要看天气而定。谁

6、将成为班长现在还不知晓。他来自哪里是个谜。经理什么时候回来还不确定。As a friend of you, I want to tell you what I really think.我没有听到刚才你说的话。Mum asked why Lily was absent from class.The milk smells as if it is sour.Things are not as they seem to be.这可能是因为他太年轻了。It might be because he is too young. 我没有去法国留学是因为我得到了一份好工作。The reason I didn

7、t go to France is that I got a good job.主语从句（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5

8、）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.(7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.名词性从句真题小测_(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. _(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football i

9、n particular. _(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了). 小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有 that, whether, who, what, whatever 等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下谓语视为第三人称单数,但根据语义也有例外,如例 9。（4）为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语 it 放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末It is certa

10、in that he will win the match.It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.It is strange that he should do that.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas

11、.强调句型 VS It 为形式主语的主语从句强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who,从句) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于 that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由 who 代替 that。 1.被强调的成分举例：原句：Tom found my pen yesterday when he was cleaning the classroom. It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday

12、. It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.It was when Tom was cleaning the classroom that he found my pen yesterday.It was because she got up late that she missed the bus2.

13、强调句型的一般疑问式：直接把 is 或 was提到 it 之前即可。例如： Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday? 3.强调句型的特殊疑问式： 特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。例如： Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?What was it that Tom found in the classroom yesterday?同位语从句：（1） 、在复合句中用作同位语的从句

14、叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： I heard the news that our team had wonThe news that I read this morning shocked me .I have a good idea that we go to picnic this weekend.（2） 、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，同位从句一般跟在某些名词如 answer(答案)，hope(希望) ，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念 )，promise(承诺)，in

15、formation(信息) ，conclusion(结论) ，order(命令)，suggestion(建议 )，problem(问题)，thought (想法)advice, announcement 通告, argument, claim 主张, decision, evidence, explanation, feeling, impression 印象, knowledge, message, opinion 看法,probability, proposal 提议, remark 评论, reply, report, saying 言论, statement 声明 , treat 乐事

16、, warning, wish, word 等,来具体解释名词的内容。如：Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon （3） 、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether ，连接副词 how,when,where,why 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which (疑问代词在引起从句时，都称为连接代词，保留疑问属性)。 （if 不能引导同位语从句）1) I have no idea what size shoes she wea

17、rs.2) I have no idea which wine is best. 3) l have no idea when he will be back 4) He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that l have passed the exam is true （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词

18、的内容。 ） The news that he told me just now is true他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。 ）定语从句2008.12 Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案). 2007.6 the prevention and treatment of AIDS is _(我们可以合作的领域 ) Model Test 1 (page10)状语从句真题小测 Leaving ones job ,_(不管是什么工作)， is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 2008/06I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲). 2007/12Please come here tomorrow morning_(如果你方便的话) 2007/06