russiangrammar(verbexplaining俄语语法---英文解释---无中文).doc

1、In Russian the perfective verbanswers the question ?For example: . I will write you a letter. (I will write the letter to the end.) . He has read the newspaper. . She will come to Russia for the first time.The perfective aspectof most verbs can be formed by adding different prefixes. But there are a

2、lso other cases. Here are some examples:Imperfect Perfect English to see to drink to read to give to talk, to say to ask to sit to go/come out to lay/ put down to lie downRussian Verb TensesPRESENT TENSEThere are two conjugation types in Russian: First e-conjugationEndings: - (-), -, -, -, -, -(-) S

3、econd i ()-conjugationEndings: -(-),-, -, -, -, -(-)! Some verbs change a consonant in the 1st person singular( = I)Following verbs are conjugated according to the first e-conjugation: all monosyllabic verbs ending in -(and all which are derived from them). In this case, the letter -in the verb stem

4、 changes into -. (drink), (beat), etc. all verbs ending in -, - (grind, mill), (flog, birch, whip), (rest) all verbs ending in -, - (carry), (convey, carry), etc. most verbs ending in -, - (give), (read), (go for a walk), (congratulate), (work), etc. most verbs ending in (be ill/sick), (feel/be sorr

5、y),etc.First e-conjugation Person (work) (carry) (drink) (rest) (I) (you) /(he/she/it) (we) (you) (they) Following verbs are conjugated according to the second i ()-conjugation all polysyllabic verbs ending in(except for (make a bed), (old Russian: be based / founded) (love), (talk), etc. four verbs

6、 ending in -, - (urge, chase, pursue), (hold), (listen), (breathe) seven verbs ending in (see), (look), (hate), (endure, stand, have patience), (offend), (spit, turn (round and round), (depend on)Second i ()-conjugation Person (love) (listen) (see) (I) (you) /(he/she/it) (we) (you) (they) Some Russi

7、an verbs belong to the mixed conjugation.Examples:Person (want) (run) (I) (you) /(he/she/it) (we) (you) (they) FUTURE TENSEImperfective verbs have a compound future form: + an infinitivePerson Infinitive (I) (you) /(he/she/it) (we) (you) (they) (work)Future forms of perfective verbsare the same as t

8、heir present forms. Example:PersonPresentimperfective aspectFutureperfective aspect(write)(write (completed action) (I) (you) /(he/she/it) (we) (you) (they) PAST TENSEIn Russian past tense is quite simple. It is formed by adding following suffixes to the verb stem: Masculine: - Feminine: - Neuter: - Plural (all genders) -Example: (work)Persone Past Tense (I) / (you) / /(he/she/it)/ / (we) (you) (they) ConjunctiveIn Russian the conjunctive is formed as follows:Past tenseform + the particle . - He would go to Russia. ? What would you do? -. - She could talk on the phone for hours.