专业英语电子版教材.doc

1、注意事项 .2专业英语课程简介 .2Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement .31.1. Classification of Matter .31.2. Properties of Matter .41.3 Atoms, Molecules and Compounds .51.4. Numbers in Physical Quantities .61.5 Units of Measurement.81.6 The Dimensional Method .12Word and sentence:.12Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic

2、 Chemistry .132.1 Chemical Language .132.2 Nomenclature of Elements .142.3 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds.21Chapter 3 Inorganic Chemistry.283.1 The Atomic Nature of Matter .283.2 Electronic Structure of Atoms .303.3 Periodicity of Atomic Properties .333.5 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

3、 .373.6 Chemical Reactions.393.7 The Behavior of Gases .413.8 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry .433.9 Chemical Equilibrium .443.10 Thermochemistry.453.11 Acid-Base Equilibria.473.12 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria .493.13 Chemistry of Coordination Compounds.503.14 Nuclear Chemis

4、try .52专业英语教学大纲 .54语言不相同 culture shock normal university.54Decrease and increase .55descend.55-ium .55Ratio of to .56Be derived from .56虚拟条件句 .56Concern .57available .57常用简写 .58Involve .59though .59Bound.60available .61高分子化学专业英语.rar .62By means of (lesson12) ( by all means，by no means lesson 5.63abi

5、lity/ be able to/ be capable of/can 关于能力的表达方式 .63As such such as.66因果关系 .67形式主语 It is + adj.+ to.67科技论文的结构 Full Paper (lesson 12) .68As 引出宾语补语、主语补语(complement 补语) return Lesson 11.69According to 按照，与相应 .70Whether 与 if 的区别 Lesson 13 .70Ratio to.71绝佳中英文翻译 2010-03-15.72Chinglish .72交通大学 2010-03-08 讲 .7

6、3方便 2010-09-16.73不折腾 2010-03-15.73你的英语够老外吗？ .74Humor 幽默 .76常用英语标识语 .77错误英文标示 .81use is made of.82Culture shock .82外国的品牌的中国名，中国品牌的外国名 .83英语课堂练习 .83英语课堂用语 100 句 .83化学四门基础课 .85考试 .86注意事项1 音标显示 把 Ksphonet.ttf 放入 C:WINDOWSFonts C:Program FilesKingsoftPowerWord 2006fonts 中找到 Ksphonet.ttf 考入 C:WINDOWSFonts

7、2 科技论文结构3 专利结构1.Chapter 1 Matter and MeasurementChemistry is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemists study the composition, structure, and properties of matter. They observe the changes that matter undergoes and measure the energy that is produced or consumed during these change

8、s. Chemistry provides an understanding of many natural events and Comment EC1: See notehas led to the synthesis of new forms of matter that have greatly affected the way we live.Disciplines within chemistry are traditionally grouped by the type of matter being studied or the kind of study. These inc

9、lude inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, polymer chemistry, biochemistry, and many more specialized disciplines, e.g. radiochemistry, theoretical chemistry.Chemistry is often called “the central science“ because it connects the other natural sciences suc

10、h as astronomy, physics, material science, biology and geology.1.1. Classification of MatterMatter is usually defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an object does not change. The volume of an object is how much space the object t

11、akes up.All the different forms of matter in our world fall into two principal categories: (1) pure substances and (2) mixtures. A pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties. Pure substances are subdivided into two groups: elemen

12、ts and compounds. An element is the simplest kind of material with unique physical and chemical properties; it can not be broken down into anything simpler by either physical or chemical means. A compound is a pure substance that consists of two or more elements linked together in characteristic and

13、 definite proportions; it can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substances with a fixed mass ratio. Mixtures contain two or more chemical substances in variable proportions in which the pure substances retain their chemical identities. In principle, they can be separated into the compo

14、nent substances by physical means, involving physical changes. A sample is homogeneous if it always has the same composition, no matter what part of the sample is examined. Pure elements and pure chemical compounds are homogeneous. Mixtures can be homogeneous, too; in a homogeneous mixture the const

15、ituents are distributed uniformly and the composition and appearance of the mixture are uniform throughout. A solutions is a special type of homogeneous mixture. A heterogeneous mixture has physically distinct parts with different properties. The classification of matter is summarized in the diagram

16、 below:MatterPure Substances MixturesElements Compounds Homogeneous mixturesHeterogeneous mixturesMatter can also be categorized into four distinct phases: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. The solid phase of matter has the atoms packed closely together. An object that is solid has a definite shape an

17、d volume that cannot be changed easily. The liquid phase of matter has the atoms packed closely together, but they flow freely around each other. Matter that is liquid has a definite volume but changes shape quite easily. Solids and liquids are termed condensed phases because of their well-defined v

18、olumes. The gas phase of matter has the atoms loosely arranged so they can travel in and out easily. A gas has neither specific shape nor constant volume. The plasma phase of matter has the atoms existing in an excited state.Break 2011-8-30 1stComment EC2: See 定义1.2. Properties of MatterAll substanc

19、es have properties, the characteristics that give each substance its unique identity. We learn about matter by observing its properties. To identify a substance, chemists observe two distinct types of properties, physical and chemical, which are closely related to two types of change that matter undergoes. Physical properties are those that a substance shows by itself, without changing into or interacting with another substance. Some physical properties