f1c4(2).doc

1、4.6 Arc elasticity of demand 需求弧弹性The demand for this good, over the range of annual demand 730,000 to 800,000 units, is elastic because the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1. Now try the following exercise yourself.针对这种需求，在一系列的年需求 730000 到 800000 个单位，具有弹性，因为需求的价格弹性大于 1。现在尝试以下锻炼自己。Demand

2、is inelastic over the demand range considered, because the price elasticity of demand (ignoring the minus sign ) is less than 1.需求弹性在需求面考虑，因为需求的价格弹性（忽略负号）小于 1。4.7 Point elasticity of demand 需求点弹性Demand is elastic at this point，because the elasticity is greater than 1. 在这个点上需求有弹性,由于弹性大于 1。Demand is i

3、nelastic at this point, because it is less than 1. 在这一点上需求无弹性，因为它是小于 1。Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Point method arc method 点法圆弧法4.8. Income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in household income, cross elasticity of demand is

4、 determined by the availability of substitute (competitors ) products.需求的收入弹性衡量响应需求的变化，家庭收入，需求的交叉弹性是由提供替代产品（竞争对手） 。需求收入弹性=需求量变化 / 收入变化The change in quantity demanded takes the form of a shift in the position of the demand curve, noy a movement along it, since it is not stimulated by a change in pric

5、e.在需求量变化的形式是一个转变立场的需求曲线，而不是一种运动沿着它，因为它是不受价格变化。Commodity 商品inferior good 劣质产品4.9. Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉弹性Cross elasticity of demand id the responsiveness of quantity demanded for one good following a change in price of another good.需求的交叉弹性的需求量的一个很好的反应性变化后，另一个好价格。需求交叉弹性= 商品需求量变化 / 商品价格变化The

6、 cross elasticity of demand depends upon the degree to which goods are substitutes or complements. 需求的交叉弹性的程度取决于商品的替代或补充。A） Substitutes, cross elasticity will be positive 替代品，将积极的交叉弹性B）Complements,cross elasticity will be negative. 补充，将负交叉弹性。4.10. Household income and demand: normal goods and inferi

7、or goods.家庭收入和需求：正常商品和劣质商品A). We might normally expect a rise in household income to lead to an increase in demand for a good, and goods for which demand rises as household income increases are called normal goods.我们通常希望增加家庭收入的增加导致商品需求，以及货物的需求上升为家庭收入增加被称为正常商品。B) Demand may rise with income up to cer

8、tain point but then fall as income rises beyond that point. Goods whose demand eventually falls as income rises are called inferior goods.需求可能与收入增长到一定点而下降，随着收入增加，超出了这一点。商品的需求最终随着收入增加，被称为劣质品。4.11. Market demand and the distribution of income 市场需求与收入分配4.12. Shifts of the demand curve 变化的需求曲线Along 沿 Ch

9、ange in the conditions of demand 变化的需求情况 A different demand curve 不同的需求曲线Shift of the demand curve 需求曲线的移动Conditions of demand 需求情况 household income 家庭收入 substitutes 替代品 complements 互补品 tastes 口味 expected rise 预期上升 increase 提高4.13. Demand, fashion and expectations 需求和时尚，期望5. The supply schedule 供给表

10、The supply curve shows the quantity of a good which would be supplied by produces at a given price.供给曲线显示物品的数量，将提供由产生在一个给定的价格。5.1 The concept of supply 供应概念Supply refers to the quantity of a good that existing suppliers or would-be suppliers would want to produce for the market at a given price.供给是指

11、某一商品的数量，现有的供应商或潜在供应商将要生产的市场在一个价格。Excess of supply 供给过剩 A fall in prices 价格下跌5.2 The supply curve 供给曲线A supply schedule and supply curve can be created both for an individual supplier and for all firms which produce the good.供给表供给曲线都可以建立为个别供应商和所有企业产生商品的。It is an upward sloping curve from left to righ

12、t.这是一个从左到右向上倾斜的曲线。5.3 Short run supply cure 短期供给曲线Marginal cost curve becomes its supply curve.边际成本曲线成为其供给曲线。Variable costs.可变成本。In the short run the firms supply curve is its marginal cost curve above the variable cost curve.在短期内，企业的供给曲线就是它的边际成本曲线以上的可变成本曲线。Cost-plus pricing 成本加成定价5.4 Long run supply cure 长期供给曲线Marginal cost curve remains the supply curve.边际成本曲线是供给曲线。