常见词根词缀总结.doc

1、1常见词根词缀总结一、常见前缀：a-, an-: not, withoutamoral (not moral), atypical (not typical)ab-, abs-: from, away, offabduct (to take by force), abnormal (away from or apart from the standard)ante-: prior to, in front of, beforeanterior (placed before), antedate (to proceed in time, come before)anti-, ant-: oppo

2、site, opposing, againstantibiotic (substance that kills microorganisms), antidote (remedy for counteracting the effects of a poison)circ-, circum-: around, about, on all sidescircumference (the outer boundary of a circle), circumstance (the conditions or state of affairs surrounding or affecting an

3、event, a particular incident, or an occurrence)co-, com-, con-: with, together, jointlycooperate (to work together, comply), connect (to bind or fasten together)dis-: away from, apart, reversal, notdismiss (to send away from, eject), disobedient (not obedient)ex-: out, out of, away fromexit (go out)

4、, expel (to drive out or away)in-: notinaccurate (not accurate), informal (not formal)inter-: between, among, withinintercept (to stop someone or something between its starting point and destination), intervene (to come, occur, appear, or lie between two points of time or things)mal-: bad, abnormal,

5、 evil, wrongmalfunction (to fail to function properly), malpractice (wrongdoing, especially improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a physician)mis-: bad, wrong, ill; opposite or lack ofmisbehave (to behave badly), misspell (to spell incorrectly)multi-: many, multiplemultimedia (the combined

6、 use of several media), multiple (having several or many parts or elements)neo-: new, recent, a new form ofneonatal (of or relating to a newborn child), neologism (a new word or phrase)non-: notnonfiction (the genre of literature that includes all types of books other than fiction), nonsmoker (someo

7、ne who does not smoke)poly-: many, much2polygamy (the system of having more than one wife at a time), polysyllabic (having three or more syllables)pre-: beforeprecaution (something done in advance to avoid risk), predict (to forecast, make known in advance)re-: back, againrebuild (to build again aft

8、er destruction), replace (to put back in its former position; to take the place of)sub-: under, beneath, belowsubdue (to overcome, bring under control), submarine (a ship that can operate under water)super-: above, over, exceedingsuperb (grand, magnificent, of unusually high quality, excellent), sup

9、erman (a man with powers exceeding ordinary human capacity)二、常见后缀1. 名词性后缀-ance, -ence: action, process, or state ofadolescence (the state of growing up from childhood to adulthood; the transitional period between youth and maturity), dependence (the state of being dependent)-ian: one who is or doesc

10、omedian (one who creates comedy), politician (one who seeks or holds a political office)-ion: act or process; state or conditiondetection (the act of detecting), election (the act or power of electing)-ism: act, practice, or process; state or doctrine offeminism (belief in the social, political, and

11、 economic equality of the sexes), materialism (the belief that the acquisition of material possessions is the highest good)-ist: one who performs, makes, produces, believes, etc.dentist (one who is trained and licensed to practice dentistry), pianist (one who plays the piano)-ity: quality, state, or

12、 degreeequality (the state or quality of being equal), fidelity (the quality of being faithful)-sis: process or actiondiagnosis (the process of identifying the nature or cause of a disease or injury), paralysis (loss of sensation or ability to move or function)-ure: act, process, functionenclosure (

13、an area or thing that is enclosed), failure (something that has failed to perform as expected or requested).2形容词性后缀3-able, -ible: capable or worthy of; tending or liable todependable (worthy of being depended on, trustworthy), incredible (not credible; unable to be believed, improbable)-al, -ial, -i

14、cal: having the quality of, relating to, or characterized bypractical (of or relating to practice or action; useful), ethical (of or relating to ethics or morals)-an, -ian: related to, characteristic ofhumanitarian (relating to, or characteristic of a humanitarian), vegetarian (relating to vegetaria

15、nism)-ic: pertaining or relating to, having the quality ofdramatic (of or relating to drama, theatrical), realistic (of or relating to the representation of things as they really are)-ile: having the qualities offragile (easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail), servile (pertaining to or befitti

16、ng a slave; abjectly submissive, slavish)-ish: having the character ofchildish (characteristic of, pertaining to, or resembling a child), foolish (devoid of good sense or judgment; exhibiting folly, in the manner of a fool)3. 动词性后缀-ate: to make, cause to be or becomedeteriorate (to make worse, impai

17、r; to make inferior in quality or character), irritate (to cause annoyance or disturbance in; to make impatient, angry, annoyed)-ify, -fy: to make, form intobeautify (to make beautiful), specify (to state explicitly or in detail)-ize: to cause to be or become, to bring aboutcolonize (to establish a

18、colony), democratize (to make or become democratic)练习根据所掌握的前后缀知识选择下列单词的词义。1. Antecedent meansa. fighting against.b. looking after.c. coming before.d. under the authority of.2. Multifaceted meansa. two-faced.b. many sided.c. uniform.d. cut into parts.3. Circumspect meansa. relating to the circus.4b.

19、to examine thoroughly.c. put forth in writing.d. looking around carefully.4. Consensus meansa. general agreement by a group.b. an individual opinion.c. a counting of individuals.d. to issue a warning.5. Supercilious meansa. less than the norm, disappointing.b. exactly as expected.c. speaking in a me

20、asured, exact tone.d. haughty, with an air of superiority.6. To presage meansa. to warn in advance.b. to send a message.c. to pressure.d. to age gracefully.7. Dubious meansa. one who doubts, a nonbeliever.b. to doubt or question.c. doubtful, questionable.d. to be uncertain.8. Agrarian meansa. incapa

21、ble of making a decision.b. to cultivate.c. to be out of date.d. relating to land or land ownership.9. Parity meansa. to make equal in status, amount, or degree.b. the state of being equal in status, amount, or degree.c. one who is equal in status, amount, or degree.d. the act of making someone or s

22、omething equal in status, amount, or degree.10. Galvanize meansa. to be active or aware.b. the state of becoming active or aware.c. one who becomes active or aware.d. to cause to become active or aware.11. Nonchalant meansa. challenging.b. done with the intent of harming another.5c. not showing anxi

23、ety or excitement; indifferent.d. reversing a previous opinion or decision.答案1. c. The prefix ante- means before. Antecedent means that which precedes; thething, circumstance, or event that came before.2. b. The prefix multi- means many. Multifaceted means having many facets oraspects; complex.3. d.

24、 The prefix circum- means around, on all sides. Circumspect means cautious,wary, watchful.4. a. The prefix con- means with, together. Consensus means general agreementor accord; an opinion or position reached by a group.5. d. The prefix super- means above, over, or exceeding. Supercilious means with

25、an air of superiority (as if one is above or better than another); haughty,scornful, disdainful.6. a. The prefix pre- means before. To presage means to indicate or warn of inadvance; to predict, foretell.7. c. The adjective suffix -ous means having the quality of, relating to. Dubiousmeans doubtful,

26、 questionable; fraught with uncertainty, wavering.8. d. The adjective suffix -ian means related to. Agrarian means relating to orconcerning land and its ownership or cultivation.9. b. The noun suffix -ity means state of being. Parity means having equalityin status, amount, value or degree; equivalen

27、ce.10. d. The verb suffix -ize means to cause, to bring about. To galvanize meansto stimulate or rouse into awareness or action.11. c. The prefix non- means not. Nonchalant means indifferent or cool, notshowing anxiety or excitement.三、常见词根1.源于拉丁语的词根ac, acr: sharp, bitteracid (something that is sharp

28、, sour, or ill natured), acute (extremely sharp or severe; keenly perceptive)am: l oveamorous (inclined to love; romantic, affectionate), enamored (inflamed or inspired by love; captivated)bel: warantebellum (before the war, especially the American Civil War), rebel (to resist or defy authority)cast

29、, chast: cutcaste (a social class separated from others by hereditary rank, profession, etc.), chastise (to punish severely, as with a beating; to rebuke)ced, ceed, cess: to go, yield, stop6antecedent (that which precedes), exceed (to extend beyond or outside of; surpass) antecedent (that which prec

30、edes or comes before), cessation (a stopping, a bringing to an end), concede (to acknowledge or admit as true, proper, etc. (often with reluctance; to yield, surrender), concession (the act of conceding or yielding; a thing yielded, an acknowledgement or admission), exceed (to extend beyond or outsi

31、de of; surpass), incessant (not stopping, continuing without interruption), precede (to come or go before in time, place, rank, or importance), predecessor (one who precedes or comes before another in time (as in holding an office or position), proceed (to go forward or onward, especially after an i

32、nterruption; move on, advance), procedure (the act or manner of proceeding; a course of action or conduct, process)culp: blameculprit (person accused or guilty of a crime), mea culpa (Latin, “my fault”)dic, dict, dit: to say, tell, use wordsdictate (to say or read aloud; to issue orders or commands)

33、, predict (to foretell, make known in advance)equ: equal, evenequate (to make or consider two things as equal), equidistant (equally distant)err: to wandererr (to make a mistake), error (a mistake; an incorrect or wrong action)ferv: to boil, bubble, burnfervid (very hot, burning; ardent, vehement),

34、effervescent (bubbling up, as a carbonated liquid; high spirited, animated)gen: birth, kindhomogeneous (also spelled homogenous) means of the same or similar nature or kind; having a uniform structure or composition throughoutloc, log, loqu: word, speechdialogue (a conversation between two or more p

35、eople), neologism (a new word or phrase)luc, lum, lus: lightilluminate (to brighten with light; enlighten), translucent (almost transparent; allowing light to pass through diffusely)lug, lut, luv: to washdilute (to make thinner or weaker by adding a liquid such as water; to lessen the force or purit

36、y of), pollute (to make impure or unclean; to make unfit or harmful to living things)mag, maj, max: bigmagnify (to increase in size, volume or significance; to amplify), maximum (the greatest possible quantity or degree)man: handmanual (operated by hand), manufacture (to make by hand or machinery)mi

37、n: to project, hang over7prominent (standing out, conspicuous; projecting or jutting beyond the line or surface), eminent (towering above or more prominent that others; lofty, distinguished)nas, nat, nai: to be bornnative (a person born in a particular country), innate (possessed at birth; inborn, i

38、nherent)nec, nic, noc, nox: harm, deathinnocent (uncorrupted by evil; free from guilt; not dangerous or harmful), obnoxious (offensive, hateful)omni: allomnipresent (everywhere at once), omnipotent (all powerful)plac: to pleaseplacid (calm and peaceful), placate (to appease or pacify)pon, pos, pound

39、: to put, placedeposit (to put or set down; place), transpose (to reverse or transfer the order or place of; interchange)pug: to fightpug (a boxer), repugnant (highly offensive or distasteful; hostile, disposed to fight)qui: quietquiet (making little or no noise; calm, still), tranquil (free from di

40、sturbance, anxiety, or tension)rog: to askinterrogate (to examine by asking a series of questions), prerogative (an exclusive privilege or right belonging to a person or group)sci: to knowconscious (knowing and perceiving, aware), science (knowledge, especially that gained through systematic study)t

41、ac, tic: to be silenttacit (not spoken; implied), taciturn (habitually untalkative, reserved)ver: truthverdict (the findings of a jury in a trial; decision or judgment), verify (to confirm the truth of)vi: lifevivid (evoking lifelike images in the mind; true to life; bright, brilliant, distinct), vi

42、gorous (energetic, forceful, active, strong)voc, vok: to callvocal (of or pertaining to the voice; tending to express oneself often and freely, outspoken), revoke (to cancel, call back, reverse, withdraw)2.常见希腊语词根anthro, andro: man, humanandroid (a very humanlike machine or robot, especially one mad

43、e of biological 8materials), anthropology (the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings)arch, archi, archy: chief, principal, rulerarchitect (one who plans or devises; one who creates plans for buildings), monarchy (a state ruled by a monarcha sole and absolut

44、e ruler, such as a king)auto: selfautomatic (operating without external influence or control; having inherent power of action or motion), autopsy (examination of a dead body to determine cause of death; seeing with ones own eyes)card, cord, cour: heartcardiac (of or relating to the heart), encourage

45、 (to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; to give support, hearten)chron: timechronic (continuing for a long time; ongoing, habitual; long-lasting or recurrent), chronology (the arrangement of events in time; the sequence in which events occurred)cli, clin: to lean toward, bendincline (to lean

46、, slant, slope, or cause to do so; to have a tendency or disposition toward something), recline (to lie back or down)cryp: hiddencrypt (an underground vault or chamber, especially one used as a burial place), cryptography (secret writing; the process or skill of communicating in or deciphering coded

47、 messages)dem: peopledemocracy (government by the people through elected representatives), epidemic (a widespread outbreak of a disease affecting many people at the same time)di, dia: apart, throughdiameter (a straight line passing through the center of a circle; thickness, width), digress (to turn

48、aside, deviate, or swerve; to stray from the main subject in writing or speaking)dog, dox: opiniondogged (stubbornly unyielding, obstinate), dogma (a system of principles or beliefs, a prescribed doctrine)dys: faulty, abnormaldysfunctional (impaired or abnormal in function), dyslexia (an impaired ab

49、ility to read)eu: good, welleulogy (a verbal or written tribute, especially one praising someone who has died), euthanasia (the act of painlessly ending the life of someone suffering from a terminal illness)9(h)etero: different, otherheterosexual (a person sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex), heterodox (disagreeing with or departing from accepted beliefs)(h)omo: samehomogeneous (of the same or similar nature or kind; having a uniform structure or composition throughout), homophone (a word that sounds the same as another but has a different meaning)hyper: over, excessivehypera