形容词(一).doc

1、1形容词（一）形容词的分类一、形容词的定义用于修饰的词。用于对被修饰的词（人或物）的情况加以描述或形容。一般用在被修饰词的前面，也可用在句子后部。二、形容词的种类1天然形容词（1） 长短高矮（2） 胖廋厚薄（3） 深浅（4） 干净/脏（5） 新/旧（6） 大小（7） 高低（8） 明亮/黑暗（9） 整洁/零乱（10）宽窄（11）轻重（12）快慢（13）困难/容易（14）不同/相同（15）早晚（16）年长/年幼（17）漂亮/丑陋（18）聪明/愚笨（19）高兴/伤心（20）冷热（21）软硬（22）贫穷/富裕（23）强壮/薄弱（24）便宜/昻贵（25）好坏（26）多少（27）嘈杂/安静（28）干燥/湿

2、润（29）表示颜色的形容词（30）表示形状的形容词：square, round, triangle, rectangle, zigzagHigh/low; long/short; fat/thin; thick/thin; dark/bright,light; clean/dirty; noisy/quiet,calm; cheap, unexpensive/expensive; hot/cold; warm/cool; dry/wet, humid; soft/hard; small/big, large, huge; deep/shallow; ugly/beautiful, pretty

3、, handsome; easy/difficult; same/different; happy, glad/angry, sad; tall/short; much/little; 2many/few; far/near; new/old; young/old; quick, fast/slow; heavy/light; good/bad; early/late; wide/narrow; open/close; loose/tight; free(make it easy)/nervous; right/wrong; left/right; greedy/generous; smart

4、, clever/foolish, silly, stupid; sweet/sour, bitter, hot; true/false; rich/poor; empty/full; strange/intimate, close; odd/normal， usual; tidy, neat/messy; busy/free; common/special; smooth/rough; strong/mild, weak; (108 个) favorite, like/dislike; shy/brave; crazy/calm; polite, courteous/discourteous

5、; cautious/careless; 2合成形容词（1） 后缀-ful: 名词或动词 + ful 意思是“有-的” ， “充满-的”playful, careful, colorful, beautiful, painful, skillful, faithful, hopeful, useful, harmful, helpful,（2） 后缀-less: 名词或动词 +less 意思是“ 无-的” ， “不-的careless, useless, harmless, hopeless, homeless, colorless, leafless,（3） 后缀-able: 名词或动词 +

6、able意思是“有-能力的” ， “可- 的”able, readable, useable, writable, desirable, （4） 后缀-ive: 名词或动词 + ive 意思是“有-的” ， “具有-的”expensive, active, attractive,（5） 后缀-ish: 名词或动词 + ish 意思是“象 -似的” ， “有-气的”foolish, selfish, childish, boyish, girlish,（6） 后缀-ous 名词或动词 + ous意思是“有-的” ， “具有- 的”dangerous, poisonous, famous（7） 后

7、缀-y: 意为“的”windy, greedy, tidy, noisy, dirty, snowy, cloudy, angry, （8） 前缀 un-: 意为“不的”unexpensive, uninteresting, unhappy, （9） 前缀 dis-: 意为“不的”disagreeable, dislike, （10）前缀 ab-: 意为“偏离的”abnormal, （11）前缀 a-: 意为“进入的” 、 “向着（至）的”asleep, alike, alive, alone, awake,3动词的现在分词做形容词 interesting, charming, excitin

8、g, 34动词的过去分词做形容词 broken, drunk, well-known, excited, interested, missed5其他常用的形容词 fair, delicious, naughty, gentle, simple, pleased/pleasing, bored/boring, tired/tiring, touching, kind, （二）形容词的用法一、相同比较1用”like”: 句型：主语 + 动词 + like + 比较的对象 （注意否定、疑问形式）He speaks like a bird. He walk like an old man.She lo

9、oks just like her mother.2用“as + adj +as “, 否定形式为：“not so + adj + as “, 句型：主语 + 动词 + as + adj +as + 比较的对象（ + 所比较的方面）否定句和疑问句（略）An apple is as good as an orange in its taste.This dish smells as delicious as that one.3用 “the same as “句型：主语 + 动词 + the same (+ 比较的方面)as + 比较的对象A pen is the same as a ball-

10、pen in its function.( A pen has the same function as a ball-pen).Toms cloth is the same as Denniss in size. (Toms cloths is the same size as Denniss)He speaks in the same way as his father.二、比较级和最高级的构成比较级用于两个之间比较，最高级用于三个以上比较。1不规则形容词的比较级和最高级（最高级前一定要加定冠词“the” ）goodbetterthe best; badworsethe worst; li

11、ttlelessthe least; 4muchmorethe most; manymorethe most; oldelderthe eldest;farfartherthe farthest;2规则形容词比较级和最高级的构成（最高级前一定要加定冠词“the” ）（1） 单音节和部分双音节词后直接加”er”构成比较级，加”est”构成最高级；读作cleancleanerthe cleanest; oldolderthe oldest; coldcolderthe coldest; coolcoolerthe coolest; greatgreaterthe greatest; hardhar

12、derthe hardest; highhigherthe highest; lowlowerthe lowest; neatneaterthe neatest; newnewerthe newest; shortshorterthe shortest; smallsmallerthe smallest; thickthickerthe thickest; weakweakerthe weakest; narrownarrowerthe narrowest; talltallerthe tallest; fullfullerthe fullest; （2） 只有一个元音字母，且词尾为一辅音的词

13、双写词尾辅音 + er/estbigbiggerthe biggest; fatfatterthe fattest; sadsadderthe saddest; thinthinnerthe thinnest; wetwetterthe wettest; （3） 以”e”结尾的单音节形容词：直接加 r /stnicenicerthe nicest; finefinerthe finest; largelargerthe largest; latelaterthe latest; safesaferthe safest; strangestrangerthe strangest; freefre

14、erthe freest; bravebraverthe bravest;（4） 以“辅音+-y”结尾的单音节和部分双音节词变 y 为 i，加 er/est; 读作：tidytidierthe tidiest; busybusierthe busiest; dirtydirtierthe dirtiest; drydrierthe driest; earlyearlierthe earliest; easyeasierthe easiest; emptyemptierthe emptiest; funnyfunnierthe funniest; heavyheavierthe heaviest

15、; greedygreedierthe greediest;例外：shyshyerthe shyest;（5） 以“元音+-y”结尾的单音节和部分双音节词直接 + er/estgaygayergayest; greygreyergreyest; feyfeyerfeyest;5（6） 多数双音节词和所有三音节以上词 表示肯定意思时：词前+”more”构成比较级，+”most”构成最高级；carefulmore carefulthe most careful; expensivemore expensivethe most expensive; 表示否定意思时：词前+”less”构成比较级，+”

16、least”构成最高级；expensiveless expensivethe least expensive; hopefulless hopefulthe least hopeful;三、用于比较的句型1两个之间比较主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象+ (动词)than ：conj （在句子前）或 prep.（在名词和代词前） ，意为“比-”注意：（1） “than”前后比较的代词，应该保持格的一致性。比较对象后的动词若是一般都可以省略。如：He is fatter than I (am). You are taller than she is.My name is

17、 longer than yours (is)(your name is). Her hair is shorter than mine is(my hair is). He writes better than you (write).（2） 有的情况下，比较对象后的动词不能省略，以免产生歧义如：I know him better than you. I know him better than you know him. (you do) I know him better than I know you. 避免歧义的最好方法是：用 (主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 比

18、较对象+ do )句型，但要注意”do”随比较对象的人称而变化。6（3） 不能使用双重比较级如：He is more fatter than I. (wrong)(3) 若比较中用了 ”any”， 则其后要加”other”将自身除外。He is better than any boy in his class.(wrong)He is better than any other boy in his class. (right)2三个以上比较句型：主语 + 动词 + the + 形容词最高级 + 介词(in, of) + 比较范围He is the best student in his cl

19、ass. He is one of the best students in his class. This is the hottest thing in the world. This is one of the hottest things in the world.（三）关于比较级的惯用法一、the + 形容词比较级 , the 形容词比较级愈- ，就愈-the more, the better, the simpler, the easier; the elder, the wiser;the sooner, the better the quicker, the cleverer;

20、 the bigger, the better the fatter, the heavier; the less, the better the thinner, the more beautiful;the softer, the better the further, the more difficult;二、 （the） + 形容词比较级 +名词, (the) 形容词比较级 +名词(名词 )愈 -， （名词）就愈 -(the) more haste, (the) less speed; (the) more speed, (the) more danger;more rest, bet

21、ter recover; less rest, slower recover; less rest, worse illness; 三、形容词比较级 + and + （相同的）形容词比较级：越来越-more and more more and more difficultbetter and better more and more beautifulfaster and faster less and less difficultsofter and softer less and less beautiful四、最好- ：you( I, he, she, it, we, they) had

22、 better + do(verb)+ . （表示劝告）Youd better finish it quickly.Id better tell the truth.Hed better tell the truth. Shed better go home.7五、 “more (less) + than + 数词”意为：多于（少于）-more than 50(over 50), more than 50 years ago, less than 40, 六、more 的其他常用法1. once more再来一遍(once again)2. any more不再(adv). I cant stand any more. I cant eat any more.3. one(some) more再来一个（些） 。Would you give me one(some) please?4. on more 不再(adj. & n.). No more, please. No more meat, please.5. no more than 仅仅、只有。 No more than five.（仅仅只有 5 个）6. not more than 至多、不超过。Not more than five. （不超过 5 个）