高考英语一轮精品教学案：必修3.4 Astronomy（解析版）.doc

1、第 1 页（共 22 页） 【考纲解读】应该掌握的重点单词 1astronomy n天文学astronomer n天文学家2system n系统；体系；制度3theory n学说；理论 theoretical adj.理论上的4globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的5violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地6atmosphere n大气层；气氛7unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt. 不喜欢8presence n出席；到场；存在present adj. thats one of

2、his favorite universities.A. when B. Why C. that D. how【高频考点突破】.词汇短语过关1harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n &vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有( 无)害处。It does (no) harm (for sb.)

3、 to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无) 害处。mean no harm 没有恶意第 6 页（共 22 页） 2exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的 existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生exist by 靠生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生3puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂 n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj.

4、 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着in turn 依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns 轮流；交替take ones turn 轮到某人做 了take turns 依次；轮班，轮流on the turn 正在转变，正在变化out of turn 不合时宜地，鲁莽地

5、5prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受 侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋第 7 页（共 22 页） cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on 为加油cheer sb. 为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)7break out ( 战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(

6、无被动语态)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是 1939 年 9 月爆发的。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。拓展：break away from 脱离( 政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；( 计划等)失败；( 身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等) 分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断 (话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break th

7、rough 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校) 期末放假，(集会 )结束break into pieces 成为碎片8watch out 注意；当心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视.重点句型详解1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个

8、连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。第 8 页（共 22 页） 本句中 it 做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it 做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨 6 点起床作为一项规定。We consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处。We all consider it a pity that you

9、 didnt come to the party.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。You may depend on it that were honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it 还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式 (或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)Its adj.for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是的。(2)Its adj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was

10、/.who/that.是某人/ 某物做(4)It is/was the序数词timethat.主语have/had done.这是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主语 did/should do.是该做的时候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that.据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看来/ 好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起来好像第

11、9 页（共 22 页） (10)Its up to sb. to do. 该某人做了例 1、(1)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis BthatCit D these解析：it 做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where 从句。答案：C(2)Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.Athat BitCthis Dyou解析：it 做形式宾语，代替 if 从句。 答案：B2But whe

12、n I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式有：(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A 比 B 大(长、高、宽等) 多少倍”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A 是 B 的多少倍” 。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示 “A 是 B 的多少倍”。(4)“A倍数

13、what 从句”，表示“A 是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍 )。VOur total income of 1994 was double that of 1992.我们 1994 年的总收入是 1992 年的两倍。The production now is th

14、ree times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。例 2、(1)Though its a challenging job, he did it _ it took me.Aonethird a time Bone third timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time第 10 页（共 22 页） 解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数then.” 结构。答案：D(2)What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long.Ahal

15、f not as wide as Bwide not as half asCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half解析：考查倍数比较 halfas.as。答案：C3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习(1)句中 does need 是一种强调句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为 “真的”“的确”“确实”等。You do look nice today. 你今天看起来

16、真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。在祈使句中，do 表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do 可译为“千万，务必”等。Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为 “既然，由于”，that 可省略。Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然” 。because 语气最强，回答的是用 why 提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since 与 as 语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as 主从并重，语气比 since 弱。for 是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？