高一英语必修一知识点总结.doc

1、1高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析重点句型1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法2. I think he / she should be表示个人观点的词语3. I enjoy reading / Im fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when“作并列连词的用法5. What / Who / When / Where is it that.? 强调句的

2、特殊疑问句结构6. With so many people communicating in English everyday, . “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语7. Can you tell me how to pronounce.? 带连接副词 (或代词 )的不定式做宾补的用法重点词汇1. especially v. 特别地2. imagine v. 想像3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的4. interest n. 兴趣5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的6. deserted adj. 抛弃的7. hunt v. 搜寻8. share v. 分享

3、9. care v. 在乎，关心10. total n. 总数11. majority n. 大多数12. survive v. 生存，活下来13. adventure n. 冒险14. scared adj. 吓坏的15. admit v. 承认16. while conj. 但是，而17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的18. except prep. 除之外19. quality n. 质量20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的重点短语1. be fond of 爱好2. treatas 把看作为3. make friends with 与交朋友4. argue with s

4、b. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事5. hunt for 寻找6. in order to 为了7. sharewith 与分享8. bring in 引进；赚钱9. a great / good many 许多10. have difficulty (in) doing 做有困难11. end up with 以结束12. except for 除之外13. come about 发生214. make(a)fire 生火15. make yourself at home 别拘束16. the majority of 大多数17. drop sb. a line 给某人

5、写短信18. for the first time 第一次19. at all 根本；竟然20. have a (good) knowledge of 精通短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词 4 分，80 分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l. be fond _ 喜欢，爱好 of2. hunt _ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for3. in to _ 为了 order 4. care _ 担心，关心 about 5. such _ 例如，诸如 as 6. drop sb a _ 给某人写信 (通常指写短信) lin

6、e7. make oneself at _ 别客气 home 8. _ total 总共 in 9. except _ 除了之外 for10. stay _ 不睡，熬夜 up 11. _ about 发生 come 12. end _ with 以告终 up13. bring _ 引进，引来 in 14. a great _ 许许多多，极多 many15. be _ 对深感兴趣，深深迷上 into16. _ the Internet 上网 surf17. _ classes 逃学，逃课 skip18. get _ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together 19. be proud _ 为感到骄傲 o

7、f20. keep an _ on 照看，注意 eye21. be curious _ 对感到好奇 about22. shut _ (使)住口 up23. joke _ 开玩笑 about24. _ the name of 以 名义 in 25. _ the time 总是，一直 all交际用语1. I thinkI like / love / hate.I enjoy.My interests are.2. Did you have a good flight?You must be very tired. Just make yourself at home.I beg your pard

8、on?3Can you tell me how to pronounce.?Get it.单词聚焦1. argue v. 的用法构词：argument n. 1. C争论 2. U讨论辩论 3. C论据 搭配： argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事 argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成反对某事 argue that. 主张，认为，争辩说 argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做不做某事友情提示：“说服某人做不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade

9、/ reason sb. into / out of doing sth. settle the argument 解决争端友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执【考例】What laughing _ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (2004 全国卷 I)A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments考查目标 arg

10、ue 名词形式的词义。答案与解析 D argument 的词义是“争辩，辩论” 。2. compare v. 的用法构词：comparison n. 比较搭配： compare.to. 比拟；比作 compare. with / to. 将和相比较 compare notes 对笔记；交换意见【考例】 _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004 湖北)A. Compare B. When comparingC. Comparing D. When compared考查

11、目标 compare 的用法。答案与解析 D 本句 compare 用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3. consider v. 的用法构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及搭配： consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 consider sb (to be / as). 认为觉得某人 consider that- clause 认为 take sth into consideration 考虑 under consideration 在考虑中【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first

12、 computer. (NMET 1993)A. to invent B. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented考查目标 consider 的几种常见用法。答案与解析 C consider 本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情用不定式的完成形式。4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的(1) 空无一人的 a deserted street / area 空无一人的街道，地区； The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。(2) 被遗弃的 a desert

13、ed child 被遗弃的孩子(3) desert dezot n. 沙漠desert dIzo:t vt. 丢弃；遗弃He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.45. difficulty n.(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题 She met with many difficulties when travelling.(2) 在以下句型中， difficulty 是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.干某事有困难there is

14、 (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with sth. 在某事上有困难there is (some) difficulty with sth. do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地轻而易举地做某事We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.Do you have any difficulty with your English?【注意】(1) 以上句型中， difficulty 前可加 some, li

15、ttle, much, a lot of, no, any 修饰(2) 以上句型中，亦可用 trouble 来代替 difficulty。6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物(1) adj. 最喜爱的 My favorite sport is playing football.(2) n. C 最喜爱的人或事物 He is a favorite with his uncle.7. fun 的用法构词：funny adj. 有趣的滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的搭配： make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑 (just)for / in

16、 fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说做着玩的 be full of fun 很好玩 have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑 have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得 (很)开心 Its (great) fun to do sth 干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀 ! have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心【考例】 (200 上海春招) This is not a match. Were play- in

17、g chess just for _.A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game考查目标 fun 构成的短语 for fun 的意思。答案与解析C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说做着玩的” 。8. imagine 的用法构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的搭配： imagine sth / doing sth beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlan

18、tic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed考查目标 imagine 的基本用法。答案与解析 C imagine 后接动词的-ing 形式，本句的 Peter 是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9. interest 的用法interest vt. 使 感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 U 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 /

19、 a strong interest 极强的兴趣 构词： interesting 令人感兴趣的( 事物) interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的5搭配： interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 be interested in 对感兴趣(关心) have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在中有股份、权益等 hold ones interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 in the interest(s) of 为 利益；为起见；对有利 lose interest in 对不再感兴趣

20、show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对表示关心( 有兴趣) have / take / feel no interest in 对不 (不太) 感兴趣 with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣有时 interest 可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.另外

21、：interest 作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.【考例】_, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004 全国卷 II)A. Interested B. AnxiouslyC. Seriously D. Encouraged考查目标 interest 派生词的词义和用法。答案与解析 A interested

22、 指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10. prove 的用法构词： proof n. 证据。试验，考验，( 印刷)校样搭配： prove sth to sb 向某人证实 prove to sb that 从句向某人证实 prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出【考例】It was in the neighboring country United States that such resistance to spray was first _. (05 长春模拟)A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed考查目标 考查 prov

23、e 的意思。答案与解析 A 本题 was proved 的意思是“得到证实” ，有被动意味。11. provide 的用法构词： provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 provided / providing conj. 倘若搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给提供；以 装备【考例】His son _ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred考查目标 考查 provide 的词义。答案与解析A pro

24、vide 与 with 搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物” 。12. share 的用法搭配： share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 share sth (out) between / among. 将某物分配、分给 share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 share ones opinion 同意某人的意见【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _. (NMET 2000)A. suppor

25、t B. care C. spare D. share考查目标 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。答案与解析 D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间) ，匀出某物；share 分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让 Clare 学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和 Harry 一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具” ，解此题的关键是信息 play with your toys as well。故 D 为最佳答案。13. solve 的用法构词：solution n. 1. C (问题的 )解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. U 解答，解决

26、 3. U 溶解搭配：the solution to 解决的办法【考例 3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution _ the problem. (2001 北京春招)A. with B. into C. for D. to考查目标 solve 名词 solution 的相关搭配。6答案与解析 D “对于的解决办法 ”，介词用 to。14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)(1) in total 加起来 In total, there must have been 20000 people there.(2) a to

27、tal of 总共 His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.(3) the total of.的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.15. when conj.when 并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然” ，常见以下句型中：(1) be doing.when.正在做突然I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailors shop.(2) had done.when.刚做了突然I had just sat

28、 down when the light went out.(3) be about to do.when.刚要做突然I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.16. while conj.(1) while 从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而” 。Some people was

29、te food while others havent enough.(3) 放在句首，表示 “尽管；虽然” ，相当于 although。While we dont agree, we continue to be friendly.牛刀小试 1 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1. All the novels are considered _ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)2. Bob thought it _ to solv

30、e maths problems while others hated it. (fun)3. The headmaster ignored the _ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)4. We cant decide. The plan needs to be _. (considered)5. _ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)6. I find a better way _ this problem. (to solve)7. Nearly half o

31、f the companies _ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)【词语比较】1. especially, speciallyespecially adv. 特殊地；尤其是(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语)(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is

32、unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接 for sb. 或 to do sth.)I made a chocolate cake specially for you.2. boring, bored, boreboring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.bored adj. 感到厌烦的 Im bored with the book.bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.有些表示情感的及物动词，有与 bor

33、e 类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人” ；过去分词形式，为“感到” 。3. except for, except, but, besides表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when.) 等。(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有” ，二者大多数情况下可以互换；

34、但在 no, all, nobody, nothing, no 7one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. (排除 him)(2) besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English 与other languages 都属于 know 的范围)(3) except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for 表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well

35、 written except for a few spelling mistakes.4. know, know of, know about(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地) 获知，懂得，认识，熟悉” 。I dont know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.(2) know of 和 know about 的意思都是“( 间接地)获知” ，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5. for example; such as(1) for example“例如” ，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般

36、只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用 for instance 替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.(2) such as “例如” ，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as 后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.注意 如

37、把前面所述情况全部举出，用 that is 或 namely。短语归纳1. 含 all 的短语1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共3) after all 毕竟，终究4) at all 到底，根本5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)6) not (.) at all (= not (.) in the least) 根本不，一点也不7) all the time 始终，一直8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防9) all right 行，可以10) all

38、at once 立刘，马上11) all day and all night 日日夜夜12) all over 遍及13) all alone 独个儿，独立地14) all but 几乎，差一点15) all in all 总的说来16) all together 一道，同时，总共17) for all 尽管例句 I woke up and didnt hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You sho

39、uldnt scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. _, she is a great musician.

40、(2004 甘肃、青海)A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual考查目标 主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析 A after all 意为 “毕竟终究” ；as a result 意为“结果” ；in other words 意为“换句话说” ；as usual 意8为“像往常一样” 。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】Id like to buy a house - modern, comfortable, and _ in a quiet neighborhood

41、. (2004 福建)A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all考查目标 主要考查 all 构成的四个短语。答案与解析 B in all 意为“总共” ；above all 意为“最重要的是” ； after all 意为“毕竟” ；at all 意为“到底” 。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2. at all(1)用在肯定句中， “竟然” Im surprised that you came at all.(2)用在否定句中， “一点也不” There was nothing to worry ab

42、out at all.(3)用在疑问句中， “到底” “究竟” Have you been there at all?(4)用在条件句中， “真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语1) be good at 擅长于2) be interested in 对感兴趣3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对满意4) be famous for 因而出名5) be kind / good to 对好6) be lost in 沉湎于7) be active in 在某方面积极8) be sure about / of 确信9) be afraid of 害怕10) be full of 充满11) be filled with 充满12) be made of / from 由组成13) be generous to 对