初中介词讲解.doc

1、 介词讲解 课标要求了解及掌握介词的基本用法，能够辨别介词词组的意义与区别，并且，要求学生可以在具体的语言环境中准确运用介词的用法。一，考纲要求1. 掌握常见介词的基本用法，如表示时间，方位，方式的介词的基本用法 2.介词构成短语的意义，用法，及意义的区别。2. 命题趋势：介词的基本用法中的表示时间的介词；介词短语的固定搭配在选择题，完型题中的考查。二，考点表示时间，地点及方式的介词基本用法；基本固定介词短语的用法，及易混词组的区分。三，介词知识精讲1. 概念介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类 或短语活从句前。 中考需要掌握的 11 个介词：i

2、n、on、at、to、from 、by 、with、for 、about、after、before 表示时间的介词。2. 介词的句法功能A、作定语：The book on the table is mine.B、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）C、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.D、作宾语补足语：I f

3、ound him in the office.3.介词基本用法A.表示时间的介词in 表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on 表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at 表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。 at 表示具体“钟点 ”时间 at seven oclockat half past twoon主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th, 2008on the night of National Dayon a rainy evening用于世纪、年、季节、月 in the 21st century /

4、 in 2010in spring / in Januaryin表示在一段时间以后 in a week（一周以后）固定用法in the morning / afternoon / eveningAt noon; at night at noon / night / midnightin 的第二种用法。表示“在一段时间以后”：in， after 两者区别：I will come back in a week. 我一周后将回来。I came back after a week. 我一周后回来了。“in+时间段”表示将来时（用在表示将来时的句子中）；“after+ 时间段”表示过去时（用在表示一般过

5、去时态的句子中）。例题： “What do think Joe will be _ five years?”“He will be a policeman. ”B.表示方位的介词表位置时： in “在 .内/里面” in the desk _on 意为 “在的上面” ； on the desk _ “在两边”、“在左边/右边” on the right/left _在树上 in the tree 逗留在树上的鸟，人等on the tree 生长在树上的叶子，果实等在墙上 in the wall 窗户，钉子，洞孔等嵌入墙内的东西on the wall 地图，画像等悬挂，张贴在墙上的东西在报上 i

6、n the newspaper 印刷在报纸上的内容on the newspaper 放在报纸上的东西，眼睛、书等 over 意为“在（垂直）的正上方”；above 意为“在 （不一定垂直）的上方 ”；1. 都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 则不一定表 示正上方。2. 均可表示数目、数量等的“多于”、“超过”、“以上”。指数量时， over(more than) 表示“超过”above(=higher than) 指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度e.g：You have to be over 18 to see this film. 你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。

7、The mountain is over(more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel.那座山海拔有四千多米高。3. 若含有动态或覆盖的意味，通常用 over，而不用 above。She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。Theres a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。 She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。 under 意为 “在（垂直的）正下方”；e.g. under the chair

8、 _below 意为“在 （不一定垂直）的下方 ”；低于e.g. temperature will fall below zero _-over-under；above-below near 意为 “在附近 ”；next to 意为“紧挨着”；round / around 意为“在周围”；by 意为“在旁边”（stand by）；表地点：in 在范围较大的地方； at 在范围较小的地方study_ home; arrive_ Beijing; _ the bus stop; 表示两者的位置关系时：in 表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”；on 表示“接壤；相邻” ；to 表示“相离；相隔” ，两

9、者不属同一范围，也不接壤。Taiwan is in the east of China. _India is on the south of China._Japan is to the east of China._介词 意 义 例 句on 在上 His book is on the desk.under 在下 The football is under the chair.in 在里 There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of 在前 There is a tree in front of the house.behind 在后 H

10、e is standing behind me.beside 在旁边 Tom is sitting beside the window.C.表示延续时间的介词by 意为“在 之前；不迟于 ”；for 意为“历时之久；持续”；in 意为“在以后；在时间内” ；since 意为“自从 以来；自以后”；until 用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，（not.until）用在肯定句中，意为“ 直到 为止”a) 他已经当老师 9 年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.b) 我已经在这儿住了 10 年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.

11、c) 他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back _ ten minutes.d) 直到五月，我们才会看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.e) 你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.f) 我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.g）你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Can you finish your work _ five minutes? D表示方式的介词介词用来表交通，常把 by, in, on 来用

12、；by 要直通海陆空，限定、复数用 in / on；骑马、骑车惯用 on，小轿车前 in 才通。【注】1. by + 交通工具，意为 “乘坐”。如：海：be ship / boat / sea 陆：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为 “乘坐”。（交通工具前面有 the，ones 等限定词时，介词不能用 by，用 in 或者 on）e.g He goes to work on the bike / in his car/on the train/on h

13、is mothers bike. 他骑自行车 / 开车/坐火车/ 骑他妈妈的自行车去上班。3. on foot 为固定短语，意为“步行” 。E. 表示运动方向的介词across 意为“ 从表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through 意为 “从内部穿过” ；past 和 by 表示“ 从旁边经过或路过” 。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street.Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.

14、 F: 介词练习题：1.He kept his head _ water when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head now and thenA. over B. below C. above D. up2. Another grand bridge will be built _ the Pearl River in our city.A. along B. up C. on D. across3. Ill leave Beijing for Guangzhou _ a week, while my brother will

15、 leave Guangzhou for Beijing _ our National Day.A. in, in B. after, in C. after, after D. in, after4. The huge picture looks more beautiful _ the blue sky.A. against B. to C. over D. under5. The climate here doesnt agree _ her.A. to B. on C. with D. at6. Standard time in Beijing is eight hours _ Gre

16、enwich Mean Time(GMT 格林威治标准时间).A. after B. front C. ahead of D. forward7. - Can you tell me whats your aim in life, Li Ping?- I am aiming _ a famous physicist.A. at B. for C. in D. to8. “Pass _ the bus, everyone.“ the conductor shouted politely.A. on B. into C. to D. along9. I was angry _ missing th

17、e gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero.A. at B. with C. for D. on10. We were anxious _ news of your safe arrival.A. to B. of C. for D. at11. Tom was arguing _ the payment of the bill_ John.A. about; on B. over; with C. on; on D. with; with12. They were astonished _ the news of his escape from prison.

18、A. for B. in C. at D. to 13. He was absorbed _ a book and didnt hear your repeated call.A. to B. in C. with D. at14. - Are you familiar with the bank over there?- Only a little, I have an account _ it.A. in B. with C. to D. of15. The doctor bent _ the boy and checked his wound.A. up B. on C. above D

19、. over16. Mary answered all the questions _ the last one, which she had never heard of before. A. besides B. except C. apart from D. except for17. Hunan lies _ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin. A. among B. above C. beside D. between18. The dying man is _ the help of

20、the doctor.A. outside B. without C. out of D. beyond19. I dont know why he blamed the accident _ me.A. at B. to C. for D. on20. The horse is blind _ the left eye.A. to B. in C. for D. on21. He is very strict with others, but he is always blind _ his own shortcomings.A. for B. to C. with D. in22. We

21、will never forget this historical lesson written _ blood.A. by B. with C. of D. in23. It is said that a bridge is being built _ the river.A. under B. to C. over D. at24. - How did you go to work yesterday?- I went to work _ my friends private car.A. by B. in C. on D. at25. The train leaves at 6:00 p

22、.m., so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m. at the least. A. until B. after C. by D. around26. I called _ you last night, but you were out.A. with B. on C. at D. in27. You should write the first letter of the sentence _ capital one.A. on B. with C. in D. at28. He is too careful _ his money; he n

23、ever buys a drink for us.A. to B. at C. for D. with29. Can you say _ certain when he will come here?A. at B. for C. with D. in30. More than 20 years ago he was badly wounded in the anti-Vietnam war. Since then he can only walk _ an arm-chair .A. in B. on C. by D. over31. Einstein didnt care for mone

24、y. Once he used a check _ $1000 as a bookmark and then he lost it.A. for B. of C. about D. to32. When the Chinese delegation arrived at Vienna airport, they were received _ cheers. A. in B. for C. on D. with33. The little boy is very clever _ every subject.A. at B. in C. about D. on34. Her clothes a

25、re very bright _ colour. A. of B. in C. on D. with35. Dont sit _the corner of the desk. Thats impolite for a student.A. on B. in C. to D. at36. It is said that the step-mother is very cruel _ the children.A. with B. at C. about D. to37. The boy is curious _ everything. I am sure he is very clever.A.

26、 to B. about C. with D. in38. She is crazy _ the film star, while her brother is crazy _ surfing.A. to; for B. on; to C. for; at D. for; on39. Once everyone is _ his life, he will instinctively(本能) find every possible way _.A. in danger of; out of danger B. in the danger of; out of dangerC. in dange

27、r of; out of the danger D. in the danger of; out of the danger40. Lets put our heads together and decide _ a plan of action.A. on B. about C. for D. at41. During her study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology she has got the degree _ PhD, and it is a degree _ chemistry.A. of; at B. in; at C. of;

28、 in D. in; of42. In China children, even in their twenties depended _ their parents _ food and clothing.A. upon; on B. on; in C. on; for D. at; to43. Our national scenery Zhangjiajie is so charming that it is _ description.A. out B. beside C. over D. beyond44. _ the _ of modern industry, the polluti

29、on is becoming more and more serious.A. With; developing B. Under; developmentC. With; development D. Under; developing45. The twins look much like each other, but they are different _ nature.A. in B. about C. on D. with46. _ his disadvantage, it began to rain heavily suddenly.A. At B. With C. To D.

30、 For47. She was disappointed _ hearing the news that Chinese football team lost the first match in “World Cup”.A. at B. in C. of D. with48. Some new changes happened _ the school _ my absence.A. at; to B. in; for C. in; during D. at; on49. He goes _ at 8 a.m. and comes _ at 5 p.m. Today he is _.A. o

31、n duty; off duty; on night duty B. on his duty; off the duty; on night dutyC. to duty; from duty; at night duty D. in duty; out duty; at night duty50. The Englishman has a very good ear _ music. You can ask him for some advice.A. at B. of C. for D. inG.教法提示常用介词用法歌诀in 在里面 on 在上，by 和 beside 在近旁；above 表示在上方，below 恰好为反向。若表正上用 over，under 表示正下方。in front of 表在前，反义 behind 在后面。从里穿过用 through，表面通过 across。进到里面用 into，落到上面用 onto。from 表示自何方，to 和 towards 表朝向。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。习题答案：15CDDAC 610CADAC 1115BCBBD 1620BDDDB 2125BDCBC2630BCDBA 3135ADABA 3640DBDAA 4145CCDCA 4650CACAC