2018新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳.doc

1、2018 新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1. some 和 any +可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句，any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用 some,不用 any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由 some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something inte

2、resting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来 3. nothing.but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. sta

3、rt doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take pho

4、tos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 “许多”2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you.seem like . 好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达.”arrive at +小地点（注：若后跟地点副词 here/there/home, 介词需省略

5、，如： arrive here; get home）4. feel like sth 感觉像feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder（想知道） +疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。6. because of +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He cant take a walk because of the rain.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名词 足够的.形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?【重点语法

6、】1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2.“次数”的表达方法一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的 how 疑问词：1） How soon 多久（以后）How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来

7、。2） how long “多久”How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3） How many+名复How much+不可名“多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格）【重点短语】1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skat

8、e boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month 一月一次12. twice a week 一周两次13.make a difference to 对.有影响/作用14. most of the students=most students15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16. be g

9、ood for 对.有益17. be bad for 对.有害18. come home from school 放学回家19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be 是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry

10、.The woman may be a teacher.2. a few / few / a little / littlea few (少数的，几个，一些 ) a little (一点儿，少量 ) 表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的) 表示否定修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.There is little time left. I wont catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?3.

11、 hard / hardlyhard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不”。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand them.Its raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是 “至于；关于”，+ 名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，

12、I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+ 系动词+ 表语” 结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look （看起来）， smell（闻起来），taste （尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very

13、 sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。6. percent 名词，意为 “百分之”百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent 做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。50： fifty percent 百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7. not at all 意为“一点也不”，not 应

14、放在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是 的。It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。9. take, spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人时间来做某事”。人(sb.) spend 时间 /钱 on sth. “买某物花了钱”。人(sb.) spend 时间 /钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。pay 的

15、主语必须是人，而“ 花钱买某物”为 pay.for.10. however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】1. 形容词和副词的比较等级（1 ）形容词和副词的原形就是原级（2 ）比较级，表示较或更（3 ）最高级， 表示最 .。2. 比较级句型:（1 ） A + be 动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A 比 B 更”（注意：A 与 B 必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）（2 ） “A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A 比 B”（3 ）比较

16、A ，B 两人/两事物问其中哪一个较.时用句型：“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?3. 比较级的特殊用法（1 ） “比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”（2 ） “the+比较级(), the+比较级()”意思是：”越越”The more, the better.（3 ）主 + is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较.的”4. 两者在某一方面相同： A+谓语动词/be 动词+as+ adj./ad

17、v.原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”I am not as tall as my sister.5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用 much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite 等修饰。【重点短语】1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗2. as.as.与 一样3. the

18、singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与相同7. care about 关心/留意/ 关注8. be different from 与. 不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as 只要；与.一样长11. bring out 显示 /显出12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩13. reach for 伸手达到/达到14. touch ones heart 感动15. in fac

19、t 事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一个19. be similar to 与相似20. be good with 与 和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情23. Its+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是 .的 ”24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友25. as long as

20、只要；既然，引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长.2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care (当/小心)take care of (照顾)=look after3. make sb. do sth. ：让( 使)某人做某事（make 后跟不带 to 的不定式）His father always make me get up before five oclock.make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy.4. be l

21、ike“就像”I am like your sister.look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.5. Thats why+句子：那就是 的原因/那就是为什么Thats why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。6. be different from 与不同反：be the same as 与 相同7. though adv. 不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱） conj. 虽然；尽管=although ，与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didnt,

22、though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩9. does(助动词 do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?【重点语法】1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。标志词：表比较范围时

23、用 in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词 the，副词最高级前可省略 the。2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最的”的句型1） A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围（in/of 介词短语）2） A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的 of/in 介词短语3. 常用句式1) Who/ Which+ 最高级, A, B or C ?2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最之一”。3）序数词后跟形容词最高级【重点短语】1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止2. no problem 没什么，别客气3. have.in common 有

24、相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同4. be up to 由.决定/是.的职责5. all kinds of 各种各样的6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用，有影响7. make up 编造（故事、谎言等）8. for example=e.g. 例如9. take .seriously 认真对待10. not everybody 并不是每个人11. close to 离.近12. more and more 越来越【词语辨析】1. How do you like +名/代/V-ing=What do you think of：“ 你认为怎么样？”2. T

25、hanks for=Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢”3. Youre welcome. =Not at all. 不客气4. talent 名（可）天赋talent show 才艺表演talented adj. 有天赋的be talented in 在.方面有天赋5. be good at 擅长 ( do well in)反义短语：be poor / weak in 在.方面薄弱be good for 对 有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是 be bad forbe good to 对好( 和善；慈爱)，相当于 be friendly to，后面通常接人6. all k

26、inds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种.* kind of 有点+ adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin7. win vt. 赢得+ 奖品 winner n. 赢者8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和 and so on(等等)连用；like 可和 such as 互换；for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/ 句末。Unit5 Do yo

27、u want to watch a game show?【重点语法】1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ?=How do you like?2. 描述喜好 I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+ 其他； 主语（三单）+V(三单)+其他)【重点短语】1. find out 查出/发现2. be ready to do 准备做3. dress up 打扮/化妆成4. take ones place 代替某人5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色6. think

28、of 想到/思考7. game show 游戏节目8. learn from 向. 学习9. talk show 访谈节目10. soap opera 肥皂剧11. go on 继续12. watch a movie 看电影13. one of 其中之一14. try ones best to =do ones best to 竭尽全力15. a pair of 一双16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名17. look like 看起来像18. around the world 世界各地19. have a discussion about 讨论.20. one day 有一天/某

29、一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情24. interesting information 有趣的信息【词语辨析】1. want + n 想要want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事2. mind 介意，其后+名词/代词/V-ing3. stand1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立2) “忍受” (多用于否定句、疑问句 ) , 后可 +名/代/V-ing4. plan vt. 出现sth+ happens to sb.”或“s

30、th happened + 时间/ 地点”句式7. 情态动词may 语气弱于 can，意为“可能”might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能”may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“可能不”They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask9. be famous as 作为而出名be

31、famous for sth. 因为.而出名10. one of 后跟可数名词复数，表示之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。11. show n. 节目 TV shows/ talent shows；v. 展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.Unit6 Im going to study computer science.【重点词语/短语用法解析】1. want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为.”I want to be (be) a

32、scientist when I grow up.2. write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事（表动作的反复）keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）4. be sure about +名/代/V-ing“ 肯定”Are you sure about that?make sure (that)+从句“.确保.”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.5. learn sth. We must learn English

33、 every day.learn to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano.6. discuss v. 讨论；商量 名词是 discussiondiscuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :Discuss this question with your partner.Lets discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事（1

34、） can : can+动词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时。be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。（2 ） can 常指客观上能够；be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。He will be able to(能够 ) speak English next year.（在此不能填 can）8. promise n. 承诺；诺言 v. 许诺；承诺；答应make a promise(to sb) （对某人）许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言prom

35、ise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事promise (sb) +that 从句He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。9. have to do with 关于；与有关系The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。10. take up sth./doing sth.（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。11.

36、 Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形，表示“太.而不能.”如：The kid is too young to play this game. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。12. ones own +名词 “某人自己的东西”， 强调某物为个人所有my own book 我自己的书本【重点语法】一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构1. 基本形式否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ goin

37、g to + 动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？2. 基本用法（1 ）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going

38、 to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。（2 ）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7 Will people have robots?【重点词语/短语用法解析】1. many+可数名词 许多.much +不可数名词 许多.2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到.岁”3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4. play a par

39、t in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/ 做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事He often helps me with my English.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做He often helps me study English.help oneself ( to ) 自用( 食物等)Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼6. the same as 和一样. 反义短语： be different

40、 from7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定）It takes me an hour to get to my office.spend timemoney on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）sb. spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花

41、了他们两年时间。8. hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量 .数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百.类似的数词还有 thousand（千） , million（万）There are four hundred students in our grade.There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.9. during 在期间during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend10. the meaning of .的意思Can you tell me the meaning of th

42、e words?【重点语法】一般将来时Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【重点词语/短语用法解析】1. cut 是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为 cut。cut up 意为“切碎”Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.Cut it /them up.2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等 )turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)turn down 调低, 关小( 音量、热量等 )3. one more thing 另外一件事情anot

43、her ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的another + 数字 + 物品 指“另外的当数字为 one 时，常与 more 连用或只用 another。Give me two more hamburgers？another two hamburgers4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。5. Its a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了Its time （for sb.）to do sth. =Its time for sth. 该是（

44、某人）做某事的时间了。Its a time for you to study English.Its time for us to go to school.(Its time for school.)6. give thanks for +名/代 V-ing “感恩.”We should give thanks for our parents.He gave thanks for life and food.7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.by +sth./doing :1）以.方式 I study English by listening to English songs.2）在.的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.3）在.之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.8. Here is +名单( 宾语) “这是” 是倒装句Here is a photo of my family.Here are+名复