《力学》教学大纲.doc

1、Syllabus of Bilingual Mechanics力学双语教学大纲一、教程名称与编号课程名称：力学（mechanics） 编号：023301二、学时与学分本课程学时： 68 学时 本课程学分 ： 4 学分三、授课对象： 物理学专业本科生四、先修课程：高等数学五、课程性质目的力学是物理专业学生第一门重要的基础必修课，它研究物体机械运动的规律。按研究对象不同可分为质点力学、刚 体力学、 弹性力学、流体力学。按讨论内容不同，又可分 为单纯描述运动的运动学和讨论运动和受力（力矩）关系的动力学。通过本课程的学习，使学生不但能比较系统的掌握牛顿力学的基本知识，能比 较灵活地应 用力学的基本概念

2、、定理和定律分析解答具体问题，而且使学生学到力学中的研究方法，训练学生严格的科学思维及分析问题解决问题的能力，为学生学习 后继课程打下良好的基础。六、 主要内容、基本要求及学时分配 Chapter 1 Motion Along a Straight LineKey Points: 1. Position and Displacement2. Instantaneous velocity and speed3. Instantaneous acceleration4. Motion with constant acceleration5. Free-fall accelerationBasic

3、Requirements：1. Understand the concept of position, displacement, instantaneous velocity and instantaneous acceleration;2. Learn to apply the equations for the motion with constant acceleration to analyze problems Teaching periods: 3Chapter 2 Moving in Two or Three DimensionsKey Points: 1. Moving in

4、 two or three dimensions;2. Projectile motion analyzed;3. Uniform circular motion;4. Relative motion in two dimension and in three dimensionsBasic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of position, displacement, instantaneous velocity and instantaneous acceleration in two or three dimensions;2. Lea

5、rn to apply the equations for the motion with constant acceleration to analyze projectile motion;3. Know about analyzing the uniform circular motion;4. Understand the concept of relative motionTeaching periods: 3Chapter 3 Force and Motion-IKey Points: 1. Newtons first law , Newtons second law and Ne

6、wtons third law;2. Some particular forces;3. Applying Newtons laws, the free-body diagram;4. Inertial reference frame and noninertial reference frame, Inertial forces.Basic Requirements：1. Master the Newtons first law, second law and Newtons third law;2. Know about some particular forces: the gravit

7、ational force, the normal force and the frictional force;3. Learn to apply the Newtons laws of motion in question solving with the help of the free-body diagram;4. Understand the concept of Inertial reference frame and noninertial reference frame;5. Understand the Inertial forces.Teaching periods: 4

8、Chapter 4 Force and Motion-IIKey Points: 1. the properties of the frictional force;2. The drag force and terminal speed;3. The centripetal acceleration and the centripetal force in uniform circular motion.Basic Requirements：1. Master the properties of the frictional force;2. Understand the drag forc

9、e and terminal speed;3. Understand the concept of the centripetal acceleration and the centripetal force in uniform circular motion.Teaching periods: 2Chapter 5 Kinetic Energy and workKey Points: 1. Concept of work and kinetic energy;2. Work-kinetic energy theorem;3. Work done by a gravitational for

10、ce；work done by a spring force;4. Work done by a general variable force;5. Power.Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of work and kinetic energy;2. Master the work-kinetic energy theorem;3. Master the work done by a gravitational force and by a spring force； 4. Master the work done by a gene

11、ral variable force;5. Understand the concept of power.Teaching periods: 3Mechanics coaching 1 ( 2 periods )Chapter 6 Potential Energy and Conservation of EnergyKey Points: 1. Concept of potential energy;2. Path independence of conservative forces;3. Conservation of mechanical energy;4. Work done on

12、a system by an external force;5. Conservation of energy. Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of potential energy;2. Understand the path Independence of conservative forces;3. Master the law of conservation of mechanical energy;4. Master the work done on a system by an external force;5. Mast

13、er the law of conservation of energy.Teaching periods: 3Chapter 7 Systems of ParticlesKey Points: 1. Concept of the center of mass;2. Newtons second law for a system of particles;3. Linear momentum;4. Conservation of linear momentum;5. Systems with varying mass: A rocket6. External forces and intern

14、al energy changes. Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of the center of mass;2. Master Newtons second law for a system of particles;3. Master the law of conservation of linear momentum;4. Understand the motion of a systems with varying mass;5. Understand the external forces and internal ene

15、rgy changesTeaching periods: 4Chapter 8 CollisionsKey Points: 1. Concept of collision;2. Impulse and linear momentum;3. Momentum and kinetic energy in collisions;4. Inelastic collisions and elastic collisions in one dimension;5. Collisions in two dimensions.Basic Requirements：1. Understand the conce

16、pt of impulse during collisions;2. Master the impulse-linear momentum theorem;3. Understand inelastic collisions and elastic collisions;4. Master inelastic collisions and elastic collisions in one dimension;5. Master collisions in two dimensions.Teaching periods: 3Mechanics coaching 2 ( 2 periods )C

17、hapter 9 RotationKey Points: 1. Concept of translation and rotation;2. The rotational variables;3. Rotation with constant angular acceleration;4. Relating the linear and angular variables;5. Kinetic energy of rotation;6. Calculating the rotational inertia;7. Torque;8. Newtons second law for rotation

18、;9. Work and rotational kinetic energy.Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of translation and rotation;2. Master the kinematic equations for constant angular acceleration;3. Master the relationship between the linear and angular variables;4. Master kinetic energy of rotation;5. Master the c

19、alculation of the rotational inertia;6. Master the parallel-axis theorem;7. Learn to apply Newtons second law for rotation;8. Master the work-kinetic energy theorem for rotation.Teaching periods: 4Chapter 10 Rolling, Torque. and Angular MomentumKey Points: 1. Concept of rolling;2. The kinetic energy

20、 of rolling;3. The forces of rolling;4. Angular momentum;5. Newtons second law in angular form;6. The angular momentum of a system of particles;7. The angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis;8. Conservation of angular momentum.Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of roll

21、ing;2. Master the kinetic energy of rolling;3. Master the forces of rolling;4. Master angular momentum;5. Learn to apply Newtons second law in angular form;6. Understand the angular momentum of a system of particles;6. Understand the angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis;7. Ma

22、ster the conservation law of angular momentum.Teaching periods: 5Chapter 11 Equilibrium and ElasticityKey Points: 1. Concept of equilibrium;2. The requirements of equilibrium;3. The center of gravity;4. Some examples of static equilibrium;5. elasticity Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of

23、 equilibrium;2. Master the requirements of equilibrium;3. Understand the examples of static equilibrium;4. Understand the concept of the Youngs modulus and the bulk modulus.Teaching periods: 3Chapter 12 GravitationKey Points: 1. Concept of the gravitational force;2. Newtons law of gravitation;3. Gra

24、vitation and the principle of superposition;4. Gravitation near Earths surface;5. Gravitation inside Earth;6. Gravitational potential energy;7. Keplers Laws;8. Satellites: orbits and energy. Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of the gravitational force;2. Master the Newtons law of gravitat

25、ion;3. Master the principle of superposition;4. Understand the gravitation near Earths surface and inside Earth;5. Understand the gravitational potential energy;6. Master the Keplers Laws;7. Understand the motion of planets and satellites: orbits and energy.Teaching periods: 4Mechanics coaching 3 (

26、2 periods )Chapter 13 FluidsKey Points: 1. Concept of the density and pressure;2. Pascals principle;3. Archimedes principle;4. Ideal fluids in motion;5. The equation of continuity;6. Bernoullis equation. Basic Requirements：1. Master the Pascals principle;2. Master the Archimedes principle;3. Underst

27、and the ideal fluids in motion;4. Master the equation of continuity;5. Master the Bernoullis equation. Teaching periods: 4Chapter 14 OscillationsKey Points:1. Concept of simple harmonic motion (SHM);2. The force law for simple harmonic motion;3. Energy in simple harmonic motion;4. An angular simple

28、harmonic oscillator;5. Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion;6. Superposition of two SHMs in the same direction and in the directions perpendicular to each other;7. Damped simple harmonic motion;8. Forced oscillations and resonance.Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of Simple

29、Harmonic Motion (SHM);2. Master the force law for Simple harmonic motion;3. Understand the meaning of phase, in phase and out of phase of SHM;4. Master the characteristic of composition of simple harmonic motion in the same direction with the same frequency;5. Understand the superposition of two SHM

30、s in the directions perpendicular to each other;6. Understand damped simple harmonic motion;7. Understand forced oscillations and resonance.Teaching periods: 6Chapter 15 WavesKey Points: 1. Concept of the waves and particles;2. Transverse and longitudinatl waves;3. The speed of a traveling wave, wav

31、elength and frequency ;4. Energy and power of a traveling string wave;5. The principle of superposition for waves;6. Interference of waves;7. Concept of the phasors;8. Standing waves and resonance;Basic Requirements：1. Understand the concept of transverse and longitudinatl waves;2. Understand the co

32、ncept of wave speed, wavelength and frequency;3. Master the energy and power of a traveling string wave;4. Master the principle of superposition for waves;5. Master the interference of waves;6. Understand the meaning of phasors;7. Understand the standing waves and resonance.Teaching periods: 5Chapte

33、r 16 WavesIIKey Points: 1. Sound waves;2. The speed of sound;3. Traveling sound waves ;4. Interference;5. Intensity and sound level;6. Beats;7. The Doppler effect;8. Supersonic speeds: Shock wave;Basic Requirements：1. Understand the speed of sound;2. Understand the traveling sound waves;3. Master th

34、e interference of sound waves;4. Master the intensity and sound level;5. Understand the beat phenomenon;6. Master the Doppler effect;7. Understand supersonic speeds: Shock wave.Teaching periods: 4Mechanics coaching 4 ( 2 periods )Total teaching periods: 68七、教材与教学参考书1.Fundamentals of Physicssixth edi

35、tion, Halliday ,Resnick and Walker, Copyright 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2.Sears and Zemanskys University Physics Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, Vol.1 and Vol.2, 机械工业出版社,2003 年 1 月3.Physicsfourth edition, Cutnell and Johnson. Vol.1, Copyright 1998, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.4.力学. 漆安慎、杜婵英. 高等教育出版社，2004 年