工厂应收帐款流程.ppt

1、Best Practice Financial Processes: Accounts Receivable2PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Account Receivable - Best Practice ObjectivesAccounts Receivable ObjectivesOrganisation PeopleProcessesControls MeasuresInformation Systems To ensure customer payments are received efficiently and effectively for goo

2、ds/services delivered, within the agreed terms and conditions To manage credit risk efficiently without creating unnecessary delays in the sales cycle To maintain a complete and accurate statement of outstanding debtors To provide complete forecast information to assist the management of short-term

3、cash requirements Centralised processing Economies of scale Customer focus Establish credit levels Issue sales order Issue invoice Monitor credit Collect cash Procedures manual Authorisation Validation/matching Credit control Cost per invoice Credit notes percentage Cost per payment received Days de

4、bt outstanding Integrated with sales system Automatic matching Electronic receipts Customer relations Legal framework awareness Credit management3PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable - TrendsFrom To Separate AR module Payment by cheque Complex/variable trading terms Manual matching Perfo

5、rmed by Finance department Integrated systems Electronic payment Common trading terms for all customers Automatic matching Shared or outsourced services4PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable - Measures/Cost Drivers90 percentile Median 10 percentileNumber of customer payment received per a

6、ccounts receivable FTE per annum40,300 5,500 700 or lessAccounts receivable cost per sales invoice processed10 percentileMedian90 percentile1318Median1 day90 percentile4 days10 percentile1 dayDays to process invoice/credit note (ie, time between receipt of invoice/credit note and entry into the acco

7、unting system)Cost drivers Number of AR receipts Level of multiple receipts Use of direct debiting/standing orders Use of electric funds transfer Level of credit risk associated with customer base Variety in payment terms Degree of foreign currency receipts Level of credit notes5PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管

8、理培训资料下载) Billing - Measures/Cost Drivers90 percentile Median 10 percentileNumber of sales invoices generated per billing FTE per annum 90,00011,1001,600Billing cost per sales invoice and credit note processed10 percentileMedian90 percentile1222Median2 days90 percentile15 days10 percentile1 dayDays f

9、rom despatch of goods to preparation of sales invoiceCost drivers Number of invoices Number of customers Use of EDI Complexity of service/goods supplied Variety in terms and conditions Complexity of discounts Degree of foreign currency invoicing Number of complaints Accuracy/level of credit notes6Pw

10、C175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable - Level 0 Context DiagramAccountsReceivableBillsAdhoc invoices& standingdataReminders &StatementsGLPostings General Ledgereneral LCustomersBankBankManual InvoicesesBilling Systemling SystemStandingDataPayments(cash, cheque)Direct DebitInstructionsStatem

11、entsPayment details(Bank Giro credits)Customer Services SystemCu Alsoelectronic AP/AR datafrom bankfor autocash management7PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable - Level 1 OverviewCustomerStandingData , Bills& Credit NotesAR StaffAR systemBilling systemCustomerdetailsAR data import procedu

12、resInterface RulesAR StaffBilling systemAR systemCustomer DataLogged on ARSystemInvoice/credit noteentry rules,Bills and credit notes loading proceduresAR StaffAR SystemBills & credit notesManual invoice request Customermaintenanceprocedures, Customer relationshiprulesImport standing data, bills & c

13、redit notesAR 1.1Maintain customer dataAR 1.2Process bills, invoices & credit notesAR 1.3DatavalidationreportCustomer reportManage receivablesAR 1.4Process receipts and direct debitsAR 1.5Process period endAR 1.7Credit control policies and procedures,Call logging procedures,Provision creation rules,

14、Legal proceedings rulesAR staffAR systemCredit controlOpen invoiceson AR systemPrint invoices despatchedGL updatesOutstandingdebtorsCheque and receipts processing rules,Automatic allocation rules,Manual allocation rules,On account payment rulesCash/cheque/bank receiptsList of DD customers amounts du

15、eAR staffAR systemBank statementTransaction dataReview procedures,Archiving rules,Period data proceduresAR staffAR systemPayment on accountlogged on AR systemMatched DDreceipts logged on AR systemRequest to bankProcess amendmentsAR 1.6New periodopenedon AR systemPeriod endGL postingsMatchedreceiptsa

16、rchivedPeriod reportsproducedAmendment ofvalidation rules,Amendment inputproceduresAdjustmentsAmendmentsGL updatesAudit reportDebtor reportDunningletter/statementAmendment request, notify departmentProvision journals8PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable Notes Maintain customer dataBest P

17、ractice Features Send bill to one address only. Where a customer is provided with goods or services at a number of locations, the consolidation in the billing process not only reduces the number of bills to be verified or created but also decreases the potential need to reconcile a number of receiva

18、bles on individual accounts. Centralise the customer set-up process in order to ensure consistency.Internal control requirements In order to minimise the risk of duplication of the data and the unauthorised set-up of customers, the process should be centrally controlled and operated. Before any cust

19、omer is deleted from the system, evidence should be produced that the customer has been inactive for the appropriate period of time and no outstanding balances are present. Approval for deletion is obtained by management authority signature. The changes to customers report is regularly checked and m

20、onitored. System notification of duplicate business and birth registration numbers. 9PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable Notes Maintain customer dataCost Drivers Number of customers Number of new customers Number of customer changes Number of required customer standing data fields Possi

21、bility of sharing standing database Overlap between databases Search criteria and standardisation to avoid duplication/redundancyKey Performance Indicators Number of changes and additions carried out in a year per FTE Number of customers in op. database without transactions for 1 year Percentage of

22、changes and additions of total customer base10PwC175chttp:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载) Accounts Receivable Notes Manage ReceivablesBest Practice Features Aged debit balances should be reviewed by management on a regular basis and explanations sought as to why debts have failed to be recovered. Overdue debit bal

23、ances occur as a result a number of factors of sub-optimal performances within the sales department or within the credit control process or AR - info not recorded from bank quickly enough and therefore not processed quickly enough or timing of invoice issue. The root causes need to be addressed and

24、rectified by altering the creditability status of the customer. Automatic flagging and reporting of high risk accounts. Materiality and time limits.Internal control requirements It is essential that debit balances are reviewed regularly and matched with payments promptly in order to avoid the risk of fraud and minimise the chances of bad debt. Computer diary of actions taken. Stops placed on overdue customers. Aged debtor report sent to legal department and functional managers.